Shloka 11

अथ शीतपरीताज्रो जम्बुक: क्षुच्छुमान्वित: । सदारस्तां गुहामाशु प्रविवेश जलार्दित:,वर्षा आरम्भ होनेपर भूख और थकावटसे कष्ट पाता हुआ एक गीदड़ अपनी स्त्रीके साथ शीघ्र ही उस गुहामें आ घुसा। वह जलसे पीड़ित था, सर्दीसे उसके सारे अंग अकड़ गये थे

atha śītaparītāṅgo jambukaḥ kṣucchramānvitaḥ | sadāras tāṁ guhām āśu praviveśa jalārditaḥ ||

Kemudian, ketika hujan mula turun, seekor serigala kecil (jakal)—anggota tubuhnya kaku kerana sejuk, terseksa oleh lapar dan kepayahan, serta kuyup oleh air—segera memasuki gua itu bersama pasangannya.

अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
शीतपरीताङ्गःwhose limbs were seized/stiffened by cold
शीतपरीताङ्गः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशीतपरीताङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जम्बुकःjackal
जम्बुकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजम्बुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुच्छ्रम्hunger-distress (hunger and hardship)
क्षुच्छ्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुच्छ्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्वितःendowed with/afflicted by
अन्वितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदारःtogether with (his) wife
सदारः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसदार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ताम्that (her/it)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गुहाम्cave
गुहाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुहा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आशुquickly
आशु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआशु
प्रविवेशentered
प्रविवेश:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + विश्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
जलार्दितःdistressed/afflicted by water (rain-soaked)
जलार्दितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजलार्दित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

उड्ड उवाच

J
jambuka (jackal)
J
jackal's mate (dārā)
G
guhā (cave)
Ś
śīta (cold)
J
jala (water/rain)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a situation of acute suffering—cold, hunger, exhaustion, and being drenched—preparing the ethical ground for how one should act when vulnerable: seeking shelter, protecting dependents, and recognizing that hardship tests (and reveals) character and dharma.

With the onset of rains, a jackal, weakened by hunger and fatigue and stiff with cold, rushes into a cave for refuge, bringing his mate along. It is a transition into a shelter-setting where subsequent events and moral points can unfold.