Shloka 43

उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः

Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment

Devanagari script

अग्रतः पुरुषानीकमसिचर्मवतां भवेत्‌ । पृष्ठठ: शकटानीकं कलत्र॑ मध्यतस्तथा,सेनाके कूच करते समय सबसे आगे ढाल-तलवार धारण करनेवाले पुरुषोंकी टुकड़ी रखे। पीछेकी ओर रथियोंकी सेना खड़ी करे और बीचमें राज-स्त्रियोंको रखे

Transliteration

agratāḥ puruṣānīkam asi-carmavatāṁ bhavet | pṛṣṭhataḥ śakaṭānīkaṁ kalatraṁ madhyatas tathā ||

Translation

Bhishma berkata: “Di hadapan, letakkan barisan hadapan para lelaki yang bersenjata pedang dan perisai. Di belakang, tempatkan pasukan pengawal kereta. Dan di tengah, demikian juga, peliharalah kaum wanita (isi istana).”

Word by Word

• अग्रतः: in front, at the fore
• अग्रतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अग्र
• Form: adverb

• पुरुषानीकम्: a troop/array of men (infantry)
• पुरुषानीकम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष + अनीक
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• असिचर्मवताम्: of those possessing sword and shield
• असिचर्मवताम्: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: असि + चर्म + वत्
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• भवेत्: should be / should be placed
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: optative (vidhiling), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada

• पृष्ठतः: at the back, behind
• पृष्ठतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृष्ठ
• Form: adverb

• शकटानीकम्: the cart/chariot-array (wagon/cavalry-chariot division)
• शकटानीकम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शकट + अनीक
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• कलत्रम्: wives; womenfolk (royal women)
• कलत्रम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलत्र
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• मध्यतः: in the middle
• मध्यतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मध्य
• Form: adverb

• तथा: thus, likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: particle/adverb

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• sword (asi)
• shield (carma)
• wagons/carts (śakaṭa)
• women/royal household (kalatra)