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Shloka 24

उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः

Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment

पदातिबहुला सेना दृढा भवति भारत । रथाश्वबहुला सेना सुदिनेषु प्रशस्यते,भरतनन्दन! जिस सेनामें पैदलोंकी संख्या बहुत अधिक हो, वह मजबूत होती है। जिसमें रथों और घोड़ोंकी संख्या बढ़ी हुई हो, वह सेना अच्छे दिनोंमें (जबकि वर्षा न होती हो) अच्छी मानी जाती है

padātibahulā senā dṛḍhā bhavati bhārata | rathāśvabahulā senā sudineṣu praśasyate ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Wahai Bharata, tentera yang kaya dengan infantri menjadi teguh dan tahan uji. Tetapi tentera yang berlimpah kereta perang dan kuda dipuji terutama pada hari-hari cerah dan kering—ketika tanah dan cuaca memihak kepada gerak pantas.”

पदाति-बहुलाabounding in infantry
पदाति-बहुला:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपदाति + बहुल
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सेनाarmy
सेना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दृढाfirm/strong
दृढा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदृढ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रथ-अश्व-बहुलाabounding in chariots and horses
रथ-अश्व-बहुला:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ + अश्व + बहुल
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सेनाarmy
सेना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सु-दिनेषुin good days/conditions
सु-दिनेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसु + दिन
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
प्रशस्यतेis praised/considered commendable
प्रशस्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + शंस्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense: is praised/commended)
भरत-नन्दनO descendant/delighter of Bharata
भरत-नन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत + नन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira)
S
senā (army)
P
padāti (infantry)
R
ratha (chariot)
A
aśva (horse)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that military strength depends on context: infantry-heavy forces provide steadiness and endurance, while chariots and horses excel mainly when terrain and weather are favorable. Sound leadership matches resources to conditions rather than relying on prestige arms alone.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma advises Yudhiṣṭhira on practical governance and warfare, here explaining how different troop types perform under different conditions (especially fair weather versus difficult ground).