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Shloka 45

Adhyāya 14: Śalya’s Missile-Pressure and the Pāṇḍava Convergence (शल्यस्य शरवर्षम्)

ततः सज्जो महाराज द्रौणिराहवदुर्मद: । अर्जुनं योधयामास संशप्तकवृतो रणे,महाराज! फिर युद्धसज्जासे सुसज्जित हो रणभूमिमें संशप्तकोंसे घिरा हुआ रणदुर्मद द्रोणकुमार अर्जुनके साथ युद्ध करने लगा

tataḥ sajjo mahārāja drauṇir āhavadurmadāḥ | arjunaṃ yodhayāmāsa saṃśaptakavṛto raṇe ||

Sañjaya berkata: Maka, wahai Raja, Drauṇi—angkuh dan dirasuk kegilaan amarah medan perang—pun mengambil pendirian untuk bertempur. Dikepung di gelanggang oleh para Saṃśaptaka, dia menentang Arjuna dalam pertarungan sengit, menajamkan ketegangan moral dan strategi perang, ketika sumpah, kesetiaan, dan murka mengheret para pahlawan ke dalam pertembungan tanpa henti.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
सज्जःready, prepared
सज्जः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसज्ज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
द्रौणिःDrauni (son of Droṇa, i.e., Aśvatthāman)
द्रौणिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आहव-दुर्मदःfierce/proud in battle
आहव-दुर्मदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआहवदुर्मद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्जुनम्Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
योधयामासmade (him) fight; fought (with)
योधयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध् (णिजन्त: योधय-)
FormPerfect (periphrastic), 3rd, Singular
संशप्तक-वृतःsurrounded by the Saṁśaptakas
संशप्तक-वृतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशप्तकवृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā)
D
Droṇa
A
Arjuna
S
Saṃśaptakas
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how vows and martial duty can intensify conflict: warriors bound by oaths (Saṃśaptakas) and driven by pride or battle-fury (durmada) press into combat. Ethically, it points to the Mahābhārata’s recurring tension—dharma in war is not only about courage, but also about mastering anger and ambition so that duty does not become mere violence.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Aśvatthāmā (Drauṇi), fully prepared for battle and surrounded by the Saṃśaptakas, directly engages Arjuna in combat on the battlefield, signaling a focused and intense confrontation within the larger war.