Shloka 12

असंतोष ही लक्ष्मीकी प्राप्तिका मूल कारण है; अतः मैं असंतोष चाहता हूँ। राजन्‌! जो अपनी उन्नतिके लिये प्रयत्न करता है, उसका वह प्रयत्न ही सर्वोत्तम नीति है ।। ममत्वं हि न कर्तव्यमैश्व॒र्ये वा धनेडपि वा । पूर्वावाप्तं हरन्त्यन्ये राजधर्म हि तं विदु:,ऐश्वर्य अथवा धनमें ममता नहीं करनी चाहिये, क्योंकि पहलेके उपार्जित धनको दूसरे लोग बलात्‌ छीन लेते हैं। यही राजधर्म माना गया है

asaṁtoṣo hi lakṣmyāḥ prāptikā mūla-kāraṇam; ataḥ aham asaṁtoṣam icchāmi. rājan! yaḥ svasyonnatyai prayatate, tasya sa prayatna eva śreṣṭhā nītiḥ. mamatvaṁ hi na kartavyam aiśvarye vā dhane ’pi vā; pūrvāvāptaṁ haranty anye—rāja-dharma hi taṁ viduḥ.

Duryodhana berkata: “Ketidakpuasan ialah punca akar untuk memperoleh kemakmuran; sebab itu aku memilih untuk tetap tidak puas. Wahai raja, bagi orang yang berusaha demi kenaikan dirinya, usaha itulah sendiri dasar siasah yang terbaik. Janganlah melekat dengan rasa memiliki pada kedaulatan atau harta, kerana apa yang telah diperoleh dahulu dirampas orang lain dengan kekerasan; demikianlah, katanya, yang difahami sebagai dharma raja, cara pemerintahan seorang raja.”

mamattvampossessiveness
mamattvam:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootmamatva
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
hiindeed/for
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
kartavyamshould be done/should be made
kartavyam:
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ
Formgerundive (tavya), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (obligation)
aiśvaryein sovereignty/power
aiśvarye:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootaiśvarya
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
or
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
dhanein wealth
dhane:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootdhana
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
apieven/also
api:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi
or
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
pūrvāvāptampreviously obtained (wealth)
pūrvāvāptam:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootpūrva-āvapta
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, past passive participle (kta) of √āp (to obtain) with prefix ā-
harantithey take away/steal
haranti:
TypeVerb
Roothṛ
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
anyeothers
anye:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootanya
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
rājadharmamthe king's duty/royal law
rājadharmam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootrāja-dharma
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
hiindeed/for
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi
tamthat (it)
tam:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
viduḥthey know/consider
viduḥ:
TypeVerb
Rootvid
FormPerfect, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
T
the King (addressed as rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a hard-edged political ethic: prosperity is driven by persistent dissatisfaction and effort, while attachment to wealth or sovereignty is portrayed as unwise because power and property are unstable and can be seized. It contrasts ‘striving’ (prayatna) as the best nīti with the futility of possessiveness (mamatva) in royal life.

In the Sabha Parva context, Duryodhana articulates his worldview to the king he addresses: he justifies relentless ambition and frames the competitive, coercive nature of kingship as normal ‘rāja-dharma.’ The statement reveals his mindset—restless desire for increase and a readiness to accept force and dispossession as part of political order.