Shloka 2

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Duryodhana Saṃvāda on Restraint and Rājānīti

Chapter 50

Devanagari script

के च तत्र सभास्तारा राजानो ब्रह्मवित्तम | के चैनमन्वमोदन्त के चैन प्रत्यषेधयन्‌,ब्रह्मवेत्ताओंमें श्रेष्ठ महर्ष! वहाँ कौन-कौन-से राजा सभासद्‌ थे? किसने द्यूतक्रीड़ाका अनुमोदन किया और किसने निषेध?

Transliteration

Janamejaya uvāca | ke ca tatra sabhāstārā rājāno brahmavittama | ke cainam anvamodanta ke cainam pratyasedhayan ||

Translation

Janamejaya berkata: “Wahai yang terbaik antara para pengenal Brahman, raja-raja manakah yang menjadi tonggak utama dalam balairung itu? Siapakah yang merestui perjudian ini, dan siapakah yang berusaha menahannya?”

Word by Word

• के: which (persons)? who (pl.)?
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• सभा-स्ताराः: stars/ornaments of the assembly (eminent courtiers)
• सभा-स्ताराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सभा-स्तार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्रह्म-वित्तम: O best knower of Brahman
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्म-वित्तम
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• के: who (pl.)?
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: this (one/thing), him/it
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अन्वमोदन्त: approved, assented to
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु√मुद्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• के: who (pl.)?
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: this (one/thing), him/it
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रत्यषेधयन्: forbade, opposed, prohibited
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति√षिध्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

जनमेजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Janamejaya
• brahmavittama (addressed sage, i.e., Vaiśampāyana in context)
• sabhā (the royal assembly hall)
• rājānaḥ (kings/assembly members)
• dyūta (gambling, implied by context)