Shloka 11

Devanagari script

क्रुद्धा: क्रूरैर्महामात्रै: पाष्ण्यड्गुष्ठप्रचोदिता: । चतु:शता: शरवरैहता: पेतु: किरीटिना

Transliteration

kruddhāḥ krūraiḥ mahāmātraiḥ pāṣṇyaṅguṣṭha-pracoditāḥ | catuḥśatāḥ śaravarair hatāḥ petuḥ kirīṭinā ||

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: Dengan marah membara, mereka didorong oleh para panglima yang kejam—dispur dengan tumit dan hujung kaki. Empat ratus daripadanya, dihujani rentetan anak panah, rebah di tangan Kirīṭin (Arjuna). Rangkap ini menegaskan bagaimana amarah dan kepimpinan yang memaksa menolak yang dipimpin menuju kebinasaan, sementara keperkasaan perang, apabila dilepaskan, menukar barisan teratur menjadi runtuhan sekelip mata.

Word by Word

क्रुद्धाःangered

क्रूरैःby cruel (ones)

महामात्रैःby great officers/commanders

पाष्ण्यङ्गुष्ठप्रचोदिताःurged on by heel-and-toe (spurring)

चतुःशताःfour hundred (in number)

शरवरैःby showers/volleys of arrows

हताःslain

पेतुःfell

किरीटिनाby the diademed one (Arjuna)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Kirīṭin (Arjuna)

mahāmātras (commanders/officers)

arrows (śara)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical cost of anger and coercive command: when leaders drive men forward through harshness, warriors become instruments of wrath and are quickly consumed by the violence they enter. It implicitly contrasts impulsive rage and forced momentum with the sobering consequences of battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that a body of four hundred fighters, urged on by their commanders, advanced in fury but were cut down by Kirīṭin (Arjuna) through intense volleys of arrows, and they fell on the battlefield.