Shloka 42

Devanagari script

इति प्रयास्यन्नुपगृह्म पादौ समुत्थितो दीप्ततेजा: किरीटी । एतच्छुत्वा पाण्डवो धर्मराजो भ्रातुर्वाक्यं परुषं फाल्गुनस्य

Transliteration

iti prayāsyann upagṛhya pādau samutthito dīptatejāḥ kirīṭī | etac chrutvā pāṇḍavo dharmarājo bhrātur vākyaṃ paruṣaṃ phālgunasya

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: “Setelah berkata demikian, ketika dia hendak berangkat, Arjuna yang bermahkota—bercahaya gemilang—bangkit setelah memegang (dengan hormat) kedua kaki. Mendengar kata-kata keras saudaranya Phālguna (Arjuna), raja Pāṇḍava Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) …”

Word by Word

इतिthus

प्रयास्यन्going forth / proceeding

अनुपगृह्यhaving respectfully grasped

पादौthe two feet

समुत्थितःhaving risen / risen up

दीप्ततेजाःof blazing splendor

किरीटीthe diadem-wearer (Arjuna)

एतत्this

श्रुत्वाhaving heard

पाण्डवःthe Pandava (Yudhishthira)

धर्मराजःthe king of dharma (Yudhishthira)

भ्रातुःof (his) brother

वाक्यम्speech/words

परुषम्harsh

फाल्गुनस्यof Phalguna (Arjuna)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Arjuna (Kirīṭī, Phālguna)

Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmarāja)

Pāṇḍavas

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse juxtaposes reverence and restraint with the moral danger of harsh speech: even amid war, gestures of respect (clasping the feet) signal dharmic conduct, while ‘paruṣa vākya’ (cutting words) can wound familial bonds and test a king’s ethical steadiness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya narrates that Arjuna, described as radiant and diademed, rises after respectfully clasping the feet and prepares to leave. Yudhiṣṭhira hears Arjuna’s harsh words directed within the brotherly context, setting up Yudhiṣṭhira’s response to the tension.