Shloka 1

अफड-ए क्र पजञज्चषष्टितमो< ध्याय: भीमसेनको युद्धका भार सौंपकर श्रीकृष्ण और अर्जुनका युधिष्ठिरके पास जाना संजय उवाच द्रौणिं पराजित्य ततोडग्रधन्वा कृत्वा महद्‌ दुष्करं शूरकर्म । आलोकयामास ततः: स्वसैन्यं धनंजय: शत्रुभिरप्रधृष्य:,संजय कहते हैं--महाराज! तदनन्तर उत्तम धनुष धारण करनेवाले तथा शत्रुओंके लिये अजेय अर्जुनने दूसरोंके लिये दुष्कर वीरोचित कर्म करके अश्वत्थामाको हराकर फिर अपनी सेनाका निरीक्षण किया

sañjaya uvāca | drauṇiṁ parājitya tato 'gradhanvā kṛtvā mahad duṣkaraṁ śūra-karma | ālokayāmāsa tataḥ sva-sainyaṁ dhanañjayaḥ śatrubhir apradhṛṣyaḥ ||

Sañjaya berkata: “Wahai Raja, selepas itu Arjuna—pemegang busur terunggul, yang tidak dapat ditundukkan musuh—setelah menewaskan Aśvatthāman, putera Droṇa, dan melaksanakan suatu perbuatan besar yang sukar bagi orang lain, lalu meninjau kembali bala tenteranya sendiri.”

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्रौणिम्Drona's son (Ashvatthaman)
द्रौणिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पराजित्यhaving defeated
पराजित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपराजि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अग्रधन्वाhe whose bow is foremost/excellent (the great archer)
अग्रधन्वा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअग्रधन्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुष्करम्hard to do
दुष्करम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शूरकर्मa heroic deed
शूरकर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूरकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आलोकयामासlooked at/inspected
आलोकयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootआलोकय्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ततःthen
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
स्वसैन्यम्his own army
स्वसैन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वसैन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धनंजयःDhananjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रुभिःby enemies
शत्रुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अप्रधृष्यःunassailable/irresistible
अप्रधृष्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रधृष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)
A
Aśvatthāman (Drauṇi)
A
Arjuna’s army (sva-sainya)
E
enemies (śatravaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ideal of performing difficult duties with courage and then exercising responsible leadership—after victory, a warrior-leader must assess the condition of his own forces rather than be carried away by triumph.

Sañjaya reports that Arjuna has just overcome Aśvatthāman in battle; having completed this hard heroic feat, Arjuna turns to inspect the state of the Pāṇḍava army.