Shloka 43

Devanagari script

एष रेणु: समुद्धूतो दिवमावृत्य तिष्ठति

Transliteration

eṣa reṇuḥ samuddhūto divam āvṛtya tiṣṭhati

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: “Lihatlah—debu ini, yang dikocak dengan ganas, telah naik dan kini tergantung di udara, menyelubungi langit.”

Word by Word

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रेणुः: dust
• रेणुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रेणु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समुद्धूतः: raised up, blown up
• समुद्धूतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-उद्-धू
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Past Passive Participle (क्त)

• दिवम्: the sky, heaven
• दिवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आवृत्य: having covered
• आवृत्य: Karma
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ-√वृ (वृञ् आवरणे)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: ल्यप्), Parasmaipada sense

• तिष्ठति: stands, remains
• तिष्ठति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था
• Form: Present (लट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• dust (reṇu)
• sky/heaven (diva)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how war generates not only physical destruction but also moral and perceptual obscuration: the dust that covers the sky mirrors the confusion and loss of clarity that accompany violent conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya, reporting the battlefield to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, points out that the fighting has churned up such a massive cloud of dust that it rises and lingers, covering the sky and reducing visibility—an immediate sign of the battle’s intensity.