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Shloka 20

Adhyāya 36: Ghora-yuddha-varṇanam

A Clinical Description of the Intensified Engagement

हुताशनादित्यसमानतेजसं पराक्रमे विष्णुपुरन्दरोपमम्‌ | नये बृहस्पत्युशनो: सदा सम॑ न चैनमस्त्रं तदुपास्त दुःसहम्‌,“अग्नि और सूर्यके समान तेजस्वी, विष्णु और इन्द्रके समान पराक्रमी तथा सदा बृहस्पति और शुक्राचार्यके समान नीतिमान्‌ इन गुरुदेवको बचानेके लिये इनके दुःसह अस्त्र आदि पास न आ सके अर्थात्‌ उनकी रक्षा नहीं कर सके

sañjaya uvāca |

hutāśanādityasamānatejasaṃ parākrame viṣṇupurandaropamam |

naye bṛhaspatyuśanoḥ sadā samaṃ na cainam astraṃ tad upāsta duḥsaham ||

Sanjaya berkata: “Pada sinarnya dia seperti Api dan Matahari; pada keberaniannya dia menyamai Viṣṇu dan Purandara (Indra); dan pada kebijaksanaan kenegaraan dia sentiasa setara dengan Bṛhaspati dan Uśanas (Śukrācārya). Namun senjata yang menggerunkan itu tidak mampu melindungi guru yang dimuliakan ini—kekuasaannya tidak dapat mendekat untuk menyelamatkannya.”

हुताशनby/like fire
हुताशन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहुताशन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
आदित्यby/like the sun
आदित्य:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
समानequal, comparable
समान:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तेजसम्splendour, radiance
तेजसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पराक्रमेin valour, in prowess
पराक्रमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपराक्रम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विष्णुby/like Vishnu
विष्णु:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पुरन्दरby/like Indra (Purandara)
पुरन्दर:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरन्दर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उपमम्similar, comparable
उपमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउपम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नयेin policy, in conduct
नये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
बृहस्पतिby/like Brihaspati
बृहस्पति:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबृहस्पति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उशनःby/like Ushanas (Shukra)
उशनः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउशनस्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
समम्equal
समम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एनम्him (this one)
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अस्त्रम्weapon, missile
अस्त्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्त्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उपास्तapproached, came near
उपास्त:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + अस्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
दुःसहम्hard to endure, irresistible
दुःसहम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःसह
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Agni (Hutāśana)
S
Sūrya (Āditya)
V
Viṣṇu
I
Indra (Purandara)
B
Bṛhaspati
U
Uśanas (Śukra/Śukrācārya)
A
Astra (divine weapon)
G
Gurudeva (the revered teacher, implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts extraordinary excellence—radiance, valor, and political wisdom—with the sobering truth that even the most formidable weapons and protections may fail. It underscores human limitation before destiny and the moral gravity of war, where revered figures can still be struck down despite merit.

Sañjaya describes a revered teacher-like figure as possessing godlike brilliance, prowess, and counsel, yet notes that a fearsome astra was unable to safeguard him. The line functions as a lament and a narrative emphasis on the inexorable course of the battle.