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Shloka 2

Adhyāya 18 — Sequential Duels and Formation Pressure

Ulūka–Yuyutsu; Śakuni–Sutasoma; Kṛpa–Dhṛṣṭadyumna; Kṛtavarmā–Śikhaṇḍin

पार्थबाणहता राजन्‌ नराश्चरथकुज्जरा: । विचेलुर्ब भ्रमुर्नेशु: पेतुर्मम्लुश्न भारत,भरतवंशी नरेश! अर्जुनके बाणोंसे आहत हो हाथी, घोड़े, रथ और पैदल मनुष्य विचलित, भ्रान्त, पतित, मलिन तथा नष्ट होने लगे

sañjaya uvāca |

pārthabāṇahatā rājan narāś ca rathakuñjarāḥ |

vicelur bhramur neśuḥ petur mamluśna bhārata ||

Sañjaya berkata: Wahai Raja, dipanah oleh Pārtha (Arjuna), manusia—bersama kereta perang dan gajah—menjadi kacau-bilau. Mereka terhuyung-hayang dan berselerak; mereka menjerit, rebah ke tanah, berlumuran darah dan binasa. Demikianlah, di bawah daya anak panah Arjuna, medan perang berubah menjadi pemandangan panik dan runtuhnya tertib.

पार्थ-बाण-हताstruck by Arjuna's arrows
पार्थ-बाण-हता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपार्थबाणहत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नराःmen (foot-soldiers)
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुञ्जराःelephants
कुञ्जराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विचेलुःbecame unsteady / reeled
विचेलुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + चल्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
भ्रमुःwandered / were confused
भ्रमुः:
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रम्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
नेशुःperished
नेशुः:
TypeVerb
Rootनश्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
पेतुःfell
पेतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
मम्लुशुःbecame soiled / were disfigured
मम्लुशुः:
TypeVerb
Rootम्लुश्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as rājan, bhārata)
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
A
arrows (bāṇa)
M
men/warriors (narāḥ)
C
chariots (ratha)
E
elephants (kuñjara)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the fragility of martial formations and human pride: in war, even mighty units—men, chariots, elephants—can be rapidly undone by superior skill and force. Ethically, it highlights the grim cost of conflict and the swift reversal of fortune that accompanies adharma-driven warfare.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Arjuna’s arrows are cutting through the Kaurava forces. Warriors and major war-units (chariots and elephants) become shaken and confused, cry out, fall, and are left bloodied and destroyed, indicating a surge of Arjuna’s dominance in the battle.