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Shloka 17

Bhīmasena–Drauṇi Mahāyuddha

Chariot Duel and Astra-Exchange

वामपादे तु राजेन्द्र कृतवर्मा व्यवस्थित: । नारायणबलैयक्तो गोपालैरयुद्धदुर्मदै:,राजेन्द्र! उस मकरव्यूहके बायें पैरकी जगह नारायणी-सेनाके रणदुर्मद गोपालोंके साथ कृतवर्मा खड़ा किया गया था

vāmapāde tu rājendra kṛtavarmā vyavasthitaḥ | nārāyaṇabalaiyukto gopālair ayuddhadurmadāḥ ||

Sañjaya berkata: “Wahai raja, pada kedudukan ‘kaki kiri’ formasi itu, Kṛtavarmā ditempatkan, disokong oleh bala Nārāyaṇa—para pahlawan gembala lembu yang mabuk oleh keangkuhan medan perang.” Penempatan ini menampakkan betapa telitinya para panglima menyusun kekuatan, menugaskan satu pasukan yang garang dan setia untuk menjaga rusuk yang genting dalam keganasan perang yang sarat pertimbangan etika.

वामपादेin the left foot/wing (of the formation)
वामपादे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवामपाद
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कृतवर्माKritavarman
कृतवर्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृतवर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यवस्थितःstationed/placed
व्यवस्थितः:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यवस्था (वि+अव+स्था)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), Passive (participial)
नारायणबलैःwith the Narayana forces
नारायणबलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनारायणबल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
युक्तःjoined/associated
युक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), Passive (participial)
गोपालैःwith the cowherds (Gopalas)
गोपालैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगोपाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अयुद्धदुर्मदैःwith those mad for battle (battle-intoxicated)
अयुद्धदुर्मदैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअयुद्धदुर्मद
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kṛtavarmā
N
Nārāyaṇa-bala (Nārāyaṇī-senā)
G
Gopālas (cowherd-warriors)
B
battle formation (vyūha; implied by ‘pāda’)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined deployment of power in war and hints at the ethical tension of martial pride: even formidable, devoted troops can become ‘durmada’—overconfident—showing how strategy and inner disposition together shape the moral texture of battle.

Sañjaya reports to the king that Kṛtavarmā has been placed on the left flank (the ‘left foot’) of the battle-array, accompanied by the Nārāyaṇa force—cowherd-warriors renowned for their battle-fervor—indicating a deliberate guarding of a key side of the formation.