Shloka 1

््-्अ ्ःः बछ। अप ऋाञ अष्टात्रिशो& ध्याय: अभिमन्युके द्वारा शल्यके भाईका वध तथा द्रोणाचार्यकी रथसेनाका पलायन धृतराष्ट उवाच तथा प्रमथमानं तं महेष्वासानजिदह्ागै: । आर्जुनिं मामका: संख्ये के त्वेने समवारयन्‌,धृतराष्ट्रने पूछा--संजय! अर्जुनकुमार अभिमन्यु जब इस प्रकार अपने बाणोंद्वारा बड़े-बड़े धनुर्धरोंको मथ रहा था, उस समय मेरे पक्षके किन योद्धाओंने उसे युद्धमें रोका था?

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | tathā pramathamānaṃ taṃ maheṣvāsān ajidbhāgaiḥ | ārjunīṃ māmakāḥ saṅkhye ke tv enaṃ samavārayan ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra berkata: “Wahai Sañjaya! Ketika putera Arjuna, Abhimanyu, sedang menghancurkan para pemanah agung dengan anak panahnya demikian rupa, siapakah daripada pihakku, di tengah pertempuran, yang berdiri menentangnya dan menahan kemaraannya?”

तथाthus/and then
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
प्रमथमानम्crushing/harassing
प्रमथमानम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्रमथ्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महेष्वासान्great bowmen
महेष्वासान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहेष्वास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अजिघांसैःdesirous of killing
अजिघांसैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअजिघांसु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
आर्जुनिम्Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu)
आर्जुनिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआर्जुनि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मामकाःmy (men), my side's
मामकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमामक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संख्येin battle
संख्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
केwho?
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्वेनम्him (that one)
त्वेनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद् + एनम्
Formsandhi form; effectively 'त्वम्' (you) + 'एनम्' (him) in context of address; often read as 'त्वेनम्' = 'त्वम् एनम्', Masculine, Accusative, Singular
समवारयन्checked/held back
समवारयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + वṛ (वारयति)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya
A
Abhimanyu
A
Arjuna
K
Kauravas (māmakāḥ)
G
Great archers (maheṣvāsāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral tension of war: extraordinary valor can arise even in a tragic cause, and leaders must face responsibility for the consequences of their side’s choices. Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s anxious inquiry reflects attachment and partiality (māmakāḥ), which in the epic repeatedly clouds ethical judgment.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks Sañjaya to identify which Kaurava warriors confronted and restrained Abhimanyu when Abhimanyu was overpowering renowned archers with his arrows on the battlefield.