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Shloka 85

द्रोणवध-प्रश्नः

Droṇa’s Fall: Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Inquiry

मृदज्जौ चात्र विपुलौ दिव्यौ नन्दोपनन्दकौ । यन्त्रेणाहन्यमानौ च सुस्वनौ हर्षवर्धनी,इस ध्वजामें नन्‍्द-उपनन्द नामक दो विशाल एवं दिव्य मृदंग लगे हुए हैं। वे यन्त्रके द्वारा बिना बजाये बजते हैं और सुन्दर शब्दका विस्तार करके सबका हर्ष बढ़ाते हैं

mṛdaṅgau cātra vipulau divyau nandopanandakau | yantreṇāhanyamānau ca susvanau harṣavardhanī ||

Sañjaya berkata: “Pada panji itu terpasang dua gendang besar yang bersifat ilahi, bernama Nanda dan Upananda. Digerakkan oleh suatu mekanisme, keduanya bergema tanpa dipalu, menyebarkan bunyi yang indah dan menambah semangat para pahlawan.”

मृदङ्गौtwo drums (mṛdaṅgas)
मृदङ्गौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृदङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
विपुलौlarge, extensive
विपुलौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootविपुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
दिव्यौdivine, celestial
दिव्यौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नन्दोपनन्दकौNanda and Upanandaka (named pair)
नन्दोपनन्दकौ:
TypeNoun
Rootनन्द-उपनन्दक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
यन्त्रेणby a mechanism/device
यन्त्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयन्त्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आहन्यमानौbeing struck/beaten
आहन्यमानौ:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हन्
FormPresent (participle), Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुस्वनौsweet-sounding, having a fine sound
सुस्वनौ:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-स्वन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
हर्षवर्धनीincreasing joy/delight
हर्षवर्धनी:
TypeAdjective
Rootहर्ष-वर्धन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
N
Nanda (drum)
U
Upananda (drum)
M
mṛdaṅga (drum)
Y
yantra (mechanism/device)
D
dhvaja (banner/standard)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how external instruments—symbols, sound, and spectacle—can powerfully shape collective emotion in war. Ethically, it hints at the ambivalence of such stimulation: it can unify and embolden, yet it also fuels the escalation of violence by amplifying excitement and martial fervor.

Sañjaya describes a war-standard bearing two divine drums, Nanda and Upananda. Through a mechanical device they produce resonant, pleasing sounds without being manually struck, thereby increasing the army’s enthusiasm and battle-spirit.