Shloka 20

Devanagari script

हतौजा इव चाप्यासीद्‌ भारद्वाजो महारथ:

Transliteration

hataujā iva cāpy āsīd bhāradvājo mahārathaḥ

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: Maharathi Bhāradvāja (Droṇa) tampak seolah-olah kekuatannya telah dibunuh—tenaganya patah, semangatnya terpukul—di tengah kejutan moral akibat gelora perang yang sedang berlangsung.

Word by Word

• हतौजाः: one whose vigor is slain; enervated
• हतौजाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हतौजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इव: as if, like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also, even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• आसीत्: was
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular

• भारद्वाजः: Bhāradvāja (Droṇa)
• भारद्वाजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारद्वाज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महारथः: great chariot-warrior
• महारथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhāradvāja (Droṇa)
• mahāratha (great chariot-warrior)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the mightiest warrior can be inwardly defeated when moral shock and grief strike; the epic highlights that true strength includes steadiness of mind, not merely martial power.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Droṇa (called Bhāradvāja) looks as if his vigor has been destroyed—indicating a sudden loss of fighting spirit and composure in the midst of the war’s crisis.