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Shloka 8

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 107: Karṇa–Bhīma Saṃmarda

Arrow-storm Engagement

दोधूयमाना रथिनां शोभयन्ति महारथान्‌ | भरतश्रेष्ठ! इन्द्रधनुषके समान प्रभावाली फहराती हुई पताकाएँ रथियोंके विशाल रथोंकी शोभा बढ़ाती थीं ।। सिंहलाड्गूलमुग्रास्यं ध्वजं वानरलक्षणम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | dodhūyamānā rathināṃ śobhayanti mahārathān | bharataśreṣṭha! indradhanuṣake samāna-prabhāvālī phaharātī huī patākāeṃ rathiyoṃke viśāla rathoṃkī śobhā baṛhātī thīṃ || siṃhalāṅgūla-mugrāsyaṃ dhvajaṃ vānaralakṣaṇam ||

Sañjaya berkata: Wahai yang terbaik di antara Bharata, para maharathi tampak semakin megah apabila panji-panji mereka—bergetar dan berkibar—menjulang di atas kereta-kereta besar, bersinar seperti lengkung busur Indra. Antara semuanya ada satu panji bertanda seekor monyet, bermuka garang dan berekor singa, menyatakan kekuatan serta tekad pembawanya di tengah hiruk-pikuk perang.

दोधूयमानाःshaking, fluttering
दोधूयमानाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदोधूयमान (धू धातु, यङ्/द्वित्व-प्रयोग; वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
रथिनाम्of the charioteers
रथिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
शोभयन्तिadorn, beautify
शोभयन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशुभ् (शोभयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
महारथान्great warriors (maharathas)
महारथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
इन्द्रधनुषकेin/like a rainbow
इन्द्रधनुषके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रधनुष्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
समानsimilar, equal
समान:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
प्रभावालिhaving radiance/splendor
प्रभावालि:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभावालिन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
फहरातीfluttering
फहराती:
TypeAdjective
Rootफहराना (हिन्दी; संस्कृत-पद नहीं)
FormThis is Hindi, not analyzable as classical Sanskrit morphology.
हुईhaving been
हुई:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहोना (हिन्दी; संस्कृत-पद नहीं)
FormHindi auxiliary; not Sanskrit.
पताकाःbanners, flags
पताकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपताका
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
रथिनाम्of the charioteers
रथिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विशालhuge, vast
विशाल:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविशाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रथानाम्of the chariots
रथानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
शोभाम्beauty, splendor
शोभाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशोभा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वर्धयन्तिincrease, enhance
वर्धयन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृध् (वर्धयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सिंहलाङ्गूलम्lion-tail (having a lion's tail)
सिंहलाङ्गूलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह-लाङ्गूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उग्रास्यम्fierce-faced
उग्रास्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र-आस्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ध्वजम्banner, standard
ध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वानरलक्षणम्marked with a monkey (emblem)
वानरलक्षणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवानर-लक्षण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
B
Bharataśreṣṭha (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
I
Indradhanuṣ (rainbow/Indra’s bow)
P
patākā (banners)
D
dhvaja (standard)
V
vānaralakṣaṇa (monkey emblem)
S
siṃha-lāṅgūla (lion-tail motif)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how outward insignia—banners and emblems—serve as public declarations of identity, courage, and intent in war; ethically, it underscores the kṣatriya world where reputation, resolve, and visible standards reinforce collective morale and accountability.

Sanjaya describes the battlefield spectacle: great charioteers’ massive chariots are crowned by swaying, rainbow-bright banners, including a prominent standard bearing a monkey emblem with fierce, lion-tailed imagery.