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Shloka 10

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Sañjaya-saṃvādaḥ; madhyāhna-saṅgrāma-pravṛttiḥ

Dhritarashtra–Sanjaya dialogue and the midday battle escalation

समरे सर्वसैन्यानामुपयान्तं धनंजयम्‌ । अभवत्‌ तुमुलो नादो भयाद्‌ दृष्टवा किरीटिनम्‌,किरीटधारी अर्जुनको युद्धमें समीप आते देख भयके मारे समस्त सैनिकोंके मुँहसे भयानक हाहाकार प्रकट होने लगा

saṃare sarvasainyānām upayāntaṃ dhanaṃjayam | abhavat tumulo nādo bhayād dṛṣṭvā kirīṭinam ||

Sañjaya berkata: Ketika Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), si pemakai mahkota, mara menghampiri medan perang, bangkitlah dari seluruh bala tentera suatu gemuruh yang menggegarkan—jerit pekik yang lahir daripada ketakutan tatkala melihat pahlawan bermahkota itu mendekat.

समरेin the battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सर्वसैन्यानाम्of all the armies/soldiers
सर्वसैन्यानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वसैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
उपयान्तम्approaching
उपयान्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootउप-या
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, Shatr (present active participle)
धनंजयम्Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभवत्there arose/there was
अभवत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तुमुलःtumultuous, terrible
तुमुलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नादःsound, roar
नादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormKtva (absolutive/gerund)
किरीटिनम्the diadem-wearer (Arjuna)
किरीटिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकिरीटिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Dhanañjaya, Kirīṭin)
A
armies (both sides collectively)
B
battlefield (Kurukṣetra implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral-psychological dimension of dharmic strength: a warrior grounded in resolve and rightful purpose can inspire confidence in allies and fear in opponents. It suggests that fear often arises when one confronts steadfast courage and proven prowess.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that as Arjuna—recognizable by his diadem—moves forward into the fray, the assembled troops erupt in a loud, chaotic outcry. The sound reflects panic and agitation triggered by Arjuna’s approach.