Shloka 20
Adhyāya 69: Strategic duels under Bhīṣma’s command
Virāṭa–Bhīṣma; Arjuna–Aśvatthāmā; Bhīma–Duryodhana; Abhimanyu–Lakṣmaṇa
Devanagari script
योगिन त॑ महात्मानं प्रविष्टं मानुषीं तनुम् । अवमन्येद् वासुदेवं तमाहुस्तामसं जना:
Translation
Vāsudeva, sang Mahātmā yang juga seorang yogin, telah memasuki jasad manusia. Sesiapa yang memandang hina Vāsudeva, orang bijaksana menyebutnya sebagai insan yang dikuasai tamas—kegelapan batin.
Word by Word
योगिनम्the yogin
योगिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोगिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महात्मानम्the great-souled one
महात्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रविष्टम्entered
प्रविष्टम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-विश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
मानुषीम्human
मानुषीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुषी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तनुम्body
तनुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतनु
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अवमन्येत्should disrespect / would slight
अवमन्येत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअव-मन्य्
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वासुदेवम्Vasudeva (Krishna)
वासुदेवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवासुदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say / call
आहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormLat (present indicative), Present, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
तामसम्tamasic, of darkness
तामसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes