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Shloka 19

भीष्मपर्व — अध्याय ६२: वासुदेवमहात्म्यप्रशंसा (देव–ब्रह्मसंवादः)

ततस्तां कौरवीं सेनां द्रवमाणां समन्ततः । निघ्नन्‌ भीम: शरैस्ती3्ष्णैरनुवव्राज पृष्ठत:,तब चारों ओर भागती हुई उस कौरव-सेनापर तीखे बाणोंका प्रहार करते हुए भीमसेन उसे पीछे-से खदेड़ने लगे

tatas tāṃ kauravīṃ senāṃ dravamāṇāṃ samantataḥ | nighnan bhīmaḥ śarais tīkṣṇair anuvavrāja pṛṣṭhataḥ ||

Sañjaya berkata: Kemudian Bhīma, sambil menghujani panah-panah tajam, mengejar dari belakang bala tentera Kaurava itu ketika mereka lari bertempiaran ke segala arah.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')
ताम्that (her/it)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कौरवीम्Kaurava (belonging to the Kauravas)
कौरवीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकौरवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सेनाम्army
सेनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
द्रवमाणाम्fleeing/running away
द्रवमाणाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रु (द्रवति)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular (present participle used adjectivally agreeing with सेनाम्)
समन्ततःon all sides, all around
समन्ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः
FormAvyaya
निघ्नन्striking down, slaying
निघ्नन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (हन्ति)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (present active participle; agreeing with भीमः)
भीमःBhima
भीमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तीक्ष्णैःsharp
तीक्ष्णैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural (agreeing with शरैः)
अनुवव्राजfollowed, pursued
अनुवव्राज:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + व्रज्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
पृष्ठतःfrom behind, at the rear
पृष्ठतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृष्ठतः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
K
Kaurava army
A
arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

In the ethics of epic warfare, steadfastness (dhairya) preserves an army’s order and honor; once fear causes a rout, the opposing warrior is expected to press the advantage. The verse highlights how loss of composure leads to cascading defeat, while disciplined action determines outcomes.

The Kaurava forces are breaking and fleeing in all directions. Bhīma, shooting sharp arrows, follows them from behind and drives them onward, intensifying their retreat.