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Shloka 3

प्राग्ज्योतिषे वज्रदत्त-धनंजय-समागमः

Vajradatta Confronts Dhanaṃjaya at Prāgjyotiṣa

रथिनो बद्धतूणीरा: सदश्वैः समलंकृतै: । परिवार्य हयं राजन ग्रहीतुं सम्प्रचक्रमु:

Vaiśampāyana uvāca — rathino baddhatūṇīrāḥ sadaśvaiḥ samalaṅkṛtaiḥ | parivārya hayaṃ rājan grahītuṃ sampracakramuḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana berkata: Para pahlawan kereta perang, dengan tabung anak panah terikat di belakang dan kereta yang dihias indah serta ditarik oleh kuda-kuda terbaik, mengepung kuda korban itu. Wahai Raja, setelah mengepungnya, mereka pun berusaha merampasnya—suatu perbuatan yang menandakan cabaran terhadap Aśvamedha kaum Pāṇḍava dan menguji batas hak serta kewajipan seorang raja.

रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बद्धbound, fastened
बद्ध:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबन्ध्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तूणीराḥwith quivers
तूणीराḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतूणीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सदश्वैःwith good horses
सदश्वैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसत् + अश्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
समलंकृतैःwell-adorned, fully equipped
समलंकृतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + अलङ्कृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
परिवार्यhaving surrounded
परिवार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + वृ
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
हयम्the horse
हयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ग्रहीतुम्to seize, to capture
ग्रहीतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
सम्प्रचक्रमुःthey set about / they undertook
सम्प्रचक्रमुः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + प्र + क्रम्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
R
rathinaḥ (chariot-warriors)
H
haya (Aśvamedha horse)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how ritual sovereignty (the Aśvamedha horse’s free passage) becomes a moral and political test: to restrain or seize the horse is to contest the sacrificer’s authority, raising questions of rightful power, duty of neighboring rulers, and the dharmic limits of resistance.

Armed chariot-warriors, fully equipped with quivers and fine horses, surround the consecrated sacrificial horse and begin trying to capture it—an overt challenge that typically provokes confrontation with the sacrificer’s protectors.