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Shloka 28

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

तीर्णो गच्छेत्‌ परं पारं नावमुत्सृज्य निर्मम: । व्याख्यातं पूर्वकल्पेन यथा रथपदातिनो:

tīrṇo gacchet paraṃ pāraṃ nāvam utsṛjya nirmamaḥ | vyākhyātaṃ pūrvakalpena yathā rathapadātinoḥ ||

Vāyu berkata: “Setelah menyeberang, hendaklah seseorang melangkah ke tebing yang lebih jauh, meninggalkan perahu dan bebas daripada rasa memiliki. Hal ini telah dijelaskan dahulu melalui perumpamaan sebelumnya—seperti halnya orang yang menaiki kereta dan orang yang berjalan kaki.”

तीर्णःhaving crossed
तीर्णः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतॄ (धातु) / तीर्ण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गच्छेत्should go
गच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
परम्further/other
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पारम्the far shore
पारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नावम्boat
नावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनौ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उत्सृज्यhaving abandoned/left behind
उत्सृज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउत् + सृज्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund/Lyap)
निर्ममःfree from possessiveness
निर्ममः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्याख्यातम्has been explained
व्याख्यातम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + आ + ख्या (धातु) / व्याख्यात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वकल्पेनby the former example/precedent
पूर्वकल्पेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वकल्प
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
रथपदातिनोःof the charioteer and the foot-soldier (i.e., one on a chariot and one on foot)
रथपदातिनोः:
TypeNoun
Rootरथपदाति
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
B
boat (nāva)
F
further shore (paraṃ pāram)
C
chariot (ratha)
F
foot-traveller/foot-soldier (padātin)

Educational Q&A

Use supports (disciplines, methods, aids) to cross the ‘ocean’ of worldly bondage, but do not cling to them as possessions; once the goal is reached, the wise abandon attachment even to the means, becoming nirmama (free of ‘mine-ness’).

Vāyudeva delivers a concise instruction through a familiar simile: just as a traveler leaves the boat behind after reaching the far bank, so too should one relinquish possessiveness toward prior instruments of progress; he notes that this point was already taught earlier via the chariot-versus-foot-traveler illustration.