Shloka 31

Devanagari script

विपरीतकश्न मे शत्रुर्नियम्यश्न भवेन्नर: । राजा युधिष्ठिर बड़े दयालु थे। वे सदा प्रसन्न रहकर अपने भाइयों और मन्त्रियोंसे कहा करते थे कि “ये राजा धृतराष्ट्र मेरे और आपलोगोंके माननीय हैं। जो इनकी आज्ञाके अधीन रहता है, वही मेरा सुहृद्‌ है। विपरीत आचरण करनेवाला मेरा शत्रु है। वह मेरे दण्डका भागी होगा

Transliteration

viparītakṛc ca me śatrur niyamyaś ca bhaven naraḥ |

Translation

Vaiśampāyana berkata: “Sesiapa yang bertindak menentang (perintahku dan tata laku yang wajar) ialah musuhku; tetapi sesiapa yang menahan diri dan taat akan dihitung sebagai orangku sendiri.” Dalam konteks ini, Raja Yudhiṣṭhira—terkenal dengan belas kasih—berulang kali mengingatkan saudara-saudara dan para menterinya bahawa Dhṛtarāṣṭra wajib dihormati oleh mereka semua, dan bahawa kesetiaan yang dizahirkan melalui kepatuhan kepada titah raja tua itulah tanda persahabatan, sedangkan pembangkangan akan mengundang hukuman.

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'viparīta', 'definition': 'contrary, opposite

• acting against (instruction/dharma)'}, {'term': 'kṛt (implicit in viparītakṛt)', 'definition': 'one who does/acts

• doer (here: one who behaves contrary)'}, {'term': 'me', 'definition': 'of me, my'}, {'term': 'śatruḥ', 'definition': 'enemy'}, {'term': 'niyamyaḥ', 'definition': 'to be restrained/controlled

• disciplined, obedient'}, {'term': 'bhavet', 'definition': 'would be, becomes'}, {'term': 'naraḥ', 'definition': 'man, person'}]

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśaṃpāyana
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Friendship and social harmony are defined by disciplined adherence to rightful authority and dharmic instruction; deliberate contrariness is treated as enmity and becomes liable to punishment.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśaṃpāyana describes Yudhiṣṭhira’s policy and counsel: he honors Dhṛtarāṣṭra as an elder worthy of reverence and tells his brothers and ministers that those who follow Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s directives are allies, while those who oppose them are to be regarded as enemies.