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Shloka 1

Śrāddha-pravṛtti-kathana and Varjya-dravya-nirdeśa

Origin and Prohibitions in Śrāddha

ऑपन--माजल छा अि<-छऋाज अष्टाशीतितमो<् ध्याय: श्राद्धमें पितरोंके तृप्तिविषयका वर्णन युधिछिर उवाच किंस्विद्‌ दत्तं पितृभ्यो वै भवत्यक्षयमी श्वर । कि हविदश्विररात्राय किमानन्त्याय कल्पते,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! पितरोंके लिये दी हुई कौन-सी वस्तु अक्षय होती है? किस वस्तुके दानसे पितर अधिक दिनतक और किसके दानसे अनन्त कालतक तृप्त रहते हैं?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: kiṃ svid dattaṃ pitṛbhyo vai bhavaty akṣayam īśvara? kiṃ haviḥ śvīrātrāya kim ānantyāya kalpate?

Yudhiṣṭhira bertanya: “Wahai tuan yang mulia, persembahan apakah yang diberikan kepada para Pitṛ (roh leluhur) menjadi tidak habis-habis? Dengan pemberian apakah para leluhur berpuas hati untuk waktu yang sangat lama, dan dengan pemberian apakah mereka berpuas hati untuk selama-lamanya?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
स्वित्indeed/ever (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
दत्तम्given
दत्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पितृभ्यःto the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितृभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular
अक्षयम्imperishable, inexhaustible
अक्षयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षय
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ईश्वरO lord (address)
ईश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
हविःoblation, sacrificial offering
हविः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहविस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अहोरात्रायfor a day-and-night (i.e., for one full day)
अहोरात्राय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहोरात्र
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
आनन्त्यायfor endlessness/eternity
आनन्त्याय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआनन्त्य
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
कल्पतेis fit/suffices/serves (as)
कल्पते:
TypeVerb
Rootकॢप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Ātmanepada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry central to dharma: which forms of giving and ritual offering produce enduring, even ‘inexhaustible,’ benefit—specifically in the context of śrāddha and responsibility toward one’s ancestors.

At the opening of this chapter on śrāddha, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully questions the elder authority (Bhīṣma in this parva’s discourse) about what gifts or oblations most effectively satisfy the Pitṛs—temporarily, for a long time, and eternally.