Shloka 4

यां रात्रि जायते जीवो यां रात्रि च विनश्यति । एतस्मिन्नन्तरे यद्‌ यत्‌ सुकृतं तस्य भारत,भरतनन्दन! जीव जिस रातको जन्म लेता है और जिस रातको उसकी मौत होती है-- इन दोनों रात्रियोंके बीचमें जीवनभर वह जो-जो पुण्यकर्म करता है, भरतश्रेष्ठ! उसने आजीवन जो कुछ होम, दान तथा तप किया होता है, उसका वह सब कुछ उस प्रतिज्ञा- भंगके पापसे नष्ट हो जाता है

bhīṣma uvāca |

yāṃ rātri jāyate jīvo yāṃ rātri ca vinaśyati |

etasminn antare yad yat sukṛtaṃ tasya bhārata bharatanandana |

Bhishma berkata: “Wahai keturunan Bharata, malam ketika makhluk hidup dilahirkan dan malam ketika ia mati—di antara dua malam itu, apa jua kebajikan yang dilakukannya dalam hidup menjadi sia-sia. Segala yang dicapainya melalui yajña (korban suci), sedekah, dan tapa dihancurkan oleh dosa memungkiri ikrar yang khidmat.”

याम्which (whom/that)
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रात्रिम्night
रात्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
जायतेis born
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
जीवःa living being
जीवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
याम्which
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रात्रिम्night
रात्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विनश्यतिperishes/dies
विनश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootनश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतस्मिन्in this
एतस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अन्तरेin the interval/between
अन्तरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यत्whatever
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यत्whatever (each and every)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सुकृतम्merit/virtuous deed
सुकृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुकृत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भरत-नन्दनO delight of Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भरत-नन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
B
Bharatanandana (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
J
jīva (living being)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma stresses the ethical gravity of keeping one’s pledged word: a single breach of a solemn vow can nullify the spiritual fruits of a lifetime of meritorious acts such as sacrifice, charity, and austerity.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and frames human life as the interval between birth-night and death-night, using that span to emphasize how vow-breaking can overwhelm accumulated merit.