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Shloka 22

Brāhmaṇa-vandana: Criteria for Veneration, Disciplined Speech, and Protective Kingship (अनुशासनपर्व, अध्याय ८)

नारी तु पत्यभावे वै देवरं कुरुते पतिम्‌ । पृथिवी ब्राह्मणालाभे क्षत्रियं कुरुते पतिम्‌,जैसे नारी पतिके अभावमें देवरको पति बनाती है, उसी प्रकार पृथ्वी ब्राह्मणके न मिलनेपर ही क्षत्रियको अपना अधिपति बनाती है

nārī tu patyabhāve vai devaraṃ kurute patim | pṛthivī brāhmaṇālābhe kṣatriyaṃ kurute patim |

Bhīṣma bersabda: “Apabila seorang wanita kehilangan suaminya, dia boleh menerima adik lelaki suaminya sebagai suami; demikian juga, apabila Bumi tidak memperoleh seorang brāhmaṇa, Bumi menerima seorang kṣatriya sebagai tuannya. Maksudnya, kewibawaan yang sah itu bertingkat: golongan yang lebih tinggi—yang membimbing dharma—diutamakan; namun apabila tiada, pelindung-pemerintah yang kedua diterima demi kestabilan masyarakat.”

नारीwoman
नारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पत्यभावेin the absence of a husband
पत्यभावे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपति-अभाव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वैindeed/verily
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
देवरम्the husband's younger brother (brother-in-law)
देवरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरुतेmakes/appoints
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
पतिम्husband
पतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पृथिवीthe earth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणालाभेin the non-attainment/absence of a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणालाभे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण-अलाभ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्षत्रियम्a Kshatriya
क्षत्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरुतेmakes/appoints
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
पतिम्husband/lord
पतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nārī (woman)
D
devara (brother-in-law)
P
Pṛthivī (Earth)
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches a hierarchy of rightful leadership: ideally the Brāhmaṇa (as dharma-guiding authority) is foremost, but when that is unavailable, the Kṣatriya is accepted as ruler-protector to preserve order; the analogy illustrates pragmatic dharma—choosing the next-best legitimate support in a crisis.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma and governance, he uses a social analogy (a widow accepting the devara) to explain how the Earth/kingdom accepts a Kṣatriya’s sovereignty when a Brāhmaṇa is not present to lead—emphasizing continuity of protection and rule.