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Shloka 53

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

न कृशां नापवत्सां वा वन्ध्यां रोगान्वितां तथा । नव्यंगां न परिश्रान्तां दद्याद्‌ गां ब्राह्मणाय वै,जो दुबली हो, जिसका बछड़ा मर गया हो तथा जो ठाँठ, रोगिणी, किसी अंगसे हीन और थकी हुई (बूढ़ी) हो, ऐसी गौ ब्राह्मणको नहीं देनी चाहिये

na kṛśāṃ nāpavatsāṃ vā vandhyāṃ rogānvitāṃ tathā | navy-aṅgāṃ na pariśrāntāṃ dadyād gāṃ brāhmaṇāya vai ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Janganlah memberikan seekor lembu kepada seorang Brāhmaṇa jika ia kurus kering, atau telah kehilangan anaknya, atau mandul, atau berpenyakit; dan jangan juga jika ia cacat, kekurangan anggota, atau telah letih kerana usia dan kepenatan. Pemberian yang bertujuan memuliakan dharma mestilah elok dan sejahtera, bukan persembahan yang rosak hingga menjadi beban.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृशाम्emaciated (cow)
कृशाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृशा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपवत्साम्without a calf (calf lost/dead)
अपवत्साम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपवत्सा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वन्ध्याम्barren
वन्ध्याम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवन्ध्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रोगान्विताम्afflicted with disease
रोगान्विताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरोगान्विता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
व्यङ्गाम्maimed/defective-limbed
व्यङ्गाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यङ्गा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परिश्रान्ताम्exhausted/worn-out
परिश्रान्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिश्रान्ता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणायto a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
वैindeed/assuredly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇa
C
cow (gā)

Educational Q&A

A righteous gift should be genuinely beneficial and respectful; offering a weak, barren, diseased, deformed, or exhausted cow to a Brāhmaṇa is improper because it turns charity into a burden and undermines the ethical intent of dāna.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma lays down practical rules for charitable giving—specifically, standards for donating cows—emphasizing suitability and integrity in offerings to Brāhmaṇas.