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Shloka 49

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

आत्मानमाख्याति हि कर्मभिर्नर: सुशीलचारित्रकुलै: शुभाशुभै: । प्रणष्टमप्याशु कुलं तथा नर: पुन: प्रकाशं कुरुते स्वकर्मत:

ātmānam ākhyāti hi karmabhir naraḥ suśīlacāritrakulaiḥ śubhāśubhaiḥ | praṇaṣṭam apy āśu kulaṃ tathā naraḥ punaḥ prakāśaṃ kurute svakarmataḥ ||

Bhishma berkata: Seseorang dikenali dengan sebenar-benarnya melalui perbuatannya—baik atau buruk—serta melalui kehalusan budi, akhlak, tingkah laku, dan keturunannya. Walaupun garis keluarganya telah jatuh ke dalam kelam atau keruntuhan, seorang lelaki dapat dengan segera mengangkatnya kembali kepada kehormatan dan pandangan mulia masyarakat melalui kekuatan tindakannya sendiri.

आत्मानम्oneself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आख्यातिmakes known, declares
आख्याति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ख्या
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कर्मभिःby (his) actions
कर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुशीलचारित्रकुलैःby good character, conduct, and lineage
सुशीलचारित्रकुलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुशील-चारित्र-कुल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
शुभाशुभैःby good and bad (deeds/qualities)
शुभाशुभैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ-अशुभ
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
प्रणष्टम्destroyed, lost
प्रणष्टम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
आशुquickly
आशु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआशु
कुलम्lineage, family
कुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus, in that way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
प्रकाशम्renown, visibility, prominence
प्रकाशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरुतेmakes, brings about
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
स्वकर्मतःfrom/through his own actions
स्वकर्मतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-कर्मन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
N
nara (a person)
K
kula (lineage/family)

Educational Q&A

A person’s real identity and worth are revealed by conduct and deeds; even if lineage is damaged, ethical action can restore honor and recognition.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he emphasizes that social standing is not fixed by birth alone: one’s actions and character publicly define a person and can even revive a fallen family’s reputation.