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Shloka 4

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

भायश्षितस्रो विप्रस्य द्वयोरात्मा प्रजायते | आनुपूर्व्याद्‌ द्वयोहीनौ मातृजात्यौ प्रसूयत:,ब्राह्मणकी जो चार भार्याएँ बतायी गयी हैं, उनमेंसे दो स्त्रियों--ब्राह्मणी और क्षत्रियाके गर्भसे ब्राह्मण ही उत्पन्न होता है और शेष दो वैश्या और शाद्रा स्त्रियोंके गर्भसे जो पुत्र उत्पन्न होते हैं, वे ब्राह्मणत्वसे हीन क्रमश: माताकी जातिके समझे जाते हैं

bhāryāś catasro viprasya dvayor ātmā prajāyate | ānupūrvyād dvayohīnau mātṛjātyau prasūyataḥ ||

Bhishma berkata: “Seorang Brahmin dikatakan mempunyai empat orang isteri. Daripada dua orang—seorang isteri Brahmin dan seorang isteri Kshatriya—lahirlah seorang anak lelaki yang dianggap sebagai Brahmin. Namun daripada dua yang selebihnya—apabila isteri itu Vaishya dan Shudra—anak-anak lelaki yang lahir dianggap kurang dalam martabat Brahmin dan, menurut tertibnya, difahami mengikuti kasta ibunya.”

भार्याःwives
भार्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्रःa series/row (used to indicate number: 'four in a series')
स्रः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्रस्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विप्रस्यof a Brahmin
विप्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
द्वयोःof two (among them)
द्वयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
आत्माthe self (i.e., one of the same kind/identity)
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजायतेis born / comes into being
प्रजायते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + जन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
आनुपूर्व्यात्in due order / sequentially (lit. from the sequence)
आनुपूर्व्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआनुपूर्व्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
द्वयोःof the other two
द्वयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
हीनौdeficient / lacking
हीनौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
मातृजात्यौhaving the mother's caste/lineage
मातृजात्यौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमातृजाति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
प्रसूयतेis brought forth / is born
प्रसूयते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + सू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin (vipra/brāhmaṇa)
B
Brahmin woman (brāhmaṇī)
K
Kshatriya woman
V
Vaishya woman
S
Shudra woman

Educational Q&A

The verse states a normative rule attributed to Bhishma: in the context of a Brahmin’s four possible wives, offspring from a Brahmin or Kshatriya wife are treated as Brahmin, while offspring from Vaishya or Shudra wives are regarded as lacking full Brahmin status and are classified according to the mother’s caste.

During Bhishma’s extended instruction on dharma in the Anushasana Parva, he lays out traditional social-legal classifications concerning marriage and the status of children born from unions across varṇas, presenting an ordered scheme for how such offspring are to be regarded.