Shloka 30
गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow
Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode
Devanagari script
चतुणमिव वर्णानां धर्मो नान्यस्य विद्यते | वर्णानां धर्महीनेषु संख्या नास्तीह कस्यचित्
Translation
Bhishma berkata: “Dalam śāstra, hanya dharma bagi empat varṇa yang ditetapkan; bagi yang lain tiada. Dalam kalangan golongan campuran yang kehilangan dharma itu, tidak ada bilangan yang tetap di sini bagi perbezaan dan pecahan-perbezaan menurut varṇa.”
Word by Word
चतुर्णाम्of the four
चतुर्णाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
इवas/like (emphatic particle)
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
वर्णानाम्of the varṇas (social classes)
वर्णानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धर्मःduty/law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अन्यस्यof another (of anyone else)
अन्यस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
विद्यतेexists/is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
वर्णानाम्of the varṇas
वर्णानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धर्महीनेषुamong those devoid of dharma
धर्महीनेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्महीन
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
संख्याa number/fixed count
संख्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
इहhere/in this matter
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
कस्यचित्of anyone (whatsoever)
कस्यचित्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes