Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 56

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

शूद्रस्य स्थात्‌ सवर्णव भार्या नान्या कथंचन । समभागाश्र पुत्रा: स्युर्यदि पुत्रशतं भवेत्‌

śūdrasya syāt savarṇā bhāryā nānyā kathaṃcana | samabhāgāś ca putrāḥ syur yadi putraśataṃ bhavet ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Bagi seorang Śūdra, isterinya hendaklah hanya daripada varṇa yang sama—tidak sekali-kali selainnya. Dan semua anak lelakinya, walaupun sampai seratus orang, berhak atas bahagian yang sama dalam harta bapa.”

शूद्रस्यof a Shudra
शूद्रस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
स्यात्should be / may be
स्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सवर्णाof the same varna/caste
सवर्णा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसवर्ण
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्याanother (woman)
अन्या:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कथंचनin any way / at all
कथंचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचन
समभागाःhaving equal shares
समभागाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्युःshould be / may be
स्युः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
पुत्रशतम्a hundred sons
पुत्रशतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रशत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be / were to be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śūdra
W
wife (bhāryā)
S
sons (putrāḥ)
P
paternal property/inheritance (implied by samabhāga)

Educational Q&A

The verse states two normative rules: (1) a Śūdra’s marriage is prescribed within the same varṇa (savarṇa), and (2) all sons have equal entitlement to the father’s estate, regardless of how many there are.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instruction setting, Bhīṣma is laying down social and legal norms concerning marriage eligibility and the distribution of inheritance among sons.