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Shloka 18

तीर्थवंशोपदेशः

Tīrtha-vaṃśa Upadeśa: Instruction on the Fruits of Sacred Waters

अग्रणीर्य: कृत: पूर्व वर्णावरपरिग्रह: । ब्राह्मण: सर्वविद्योडपि राजन्‌ नाहति केतनम्‌

agraṇīr yaḥ kṛtaḥ pūrvaṃ varṇāvaraparigrahaḥ | brāhmaṇaḥ sarvavidyāḍhyo 'pi rājan nārhati ketanam ||

Bhīṣma said: “O King, a Brahmin who was formerly a leader of society but later contracted an improper marriage across the social orders is not fit to be invited for the śrāddha rites, even if he is richly endowed with learning in all branches of knowledge.”

अग्रणीःleader, foremost person
अग्रणीः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्रणी
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतःmade, appointed (as)
कृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
वर्णावरपरिग्रहःacceptance/marriage with a lower-varna (woman)
वर्णावरपरिग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्णावर-परिग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वविद्यःknower of all learning/arts
सर्वविद्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वविद्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven, although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्हतिis worthy, deserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
केतनम्invitation/summoning (to a rite)
केतनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेतन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
the King (Yudhiṣṭhira, implied)
B
brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

Ritual eligibility in śrāddha is presented as dependent not only on learning but also on adherence to prescribed social and marital norms; transgressing those norms can disqualify a person from being invited, even if highly learned.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs the king on dharma, including rules for ancestral rites (śrāddha). Here he states a criterion for whom one should not invite to participate in śrāddha: a Brahmin who, despite former eminence and great learning, has entered an improper cross-order marriage.