Shloka 53
अवराणां समानानां शिष्याणां च समाचरेत् । पापमाचक्षते नित्यं हृदयं पापकर्मिण:
avarāṇāṁ samānānāṁ śiṣyāṇāṁ ca samācaret | pāpam ācakṣate nityaṁ hṛdayaṁ pāpakarmiṇaḥ ||
Bhishma berkata: Dalam berurusan dengan orang yang lebih rendah darjatnya, yang setara, dan juga para murid, seseorang boleh menyapa secara biasa tanpa kesalahan. Namun bagi orang yang berbuat dosa, hatinya sendiri sentiasa menyingkap dosanya—batinnya mengkhianatinya walau kata-kata cuba menutupinya.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Proper social conduct includes knowing when informal address is acceptable—toward juniors, equals, and students it is not inherently improper. More deeply, moral character cannot be fully masked: a sinful person’s inner heart/mind continually discloses his wrongdoing through attitude and behavior.
In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on dharma and proper conduct. Here he links etiquette in forms of address with a broader ethical point: inner disposition (hṛdaya) is a reliable indicator of virtue or vice.