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Shloka 40

सायंप्रातर्मनुष्पयाणामशन देवनिर्मितम्‌ । नान्तरा भोजन दृष्टमुपवासविधिहिं स:

sāyaṃprātar manuṣyāṇām aśanaṃ devanirmitam | nāntarā bhojanaṃ dṛṣṭam upavāsavidhir hi saḥ |

Bhishma berkata: Bagi manusia, para dewa telah menetapkan makan hanya pada dua waktu—pagi dan petang. Tiada aturan yang terlihat untuk mengambil makanan di antara keduanya. Dengan memelihara pengekangan ini, seseorang memperoleh pahala seperti berpuasa. Dan dalam bingkai dharma ini, seorang ketua rumah tangga yang berdisiplin hendaklah menjadi pelindung serta penyambut bagi semua—tetamu, para pelayan, kaum kerabat, dan mereka yang mencari perlindungan—agar penguasaan diri menyokong tanggungjawab sosial.

सायम्in the evening
सायम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसायम्
Formindeclinable (time-adverb)
प्रातःin the morning
प्रातः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातः
Formindeclinable (time-adverb)
मनुष्याणाम्of/for humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
अशनम्food; eating (meal)
अशनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअशन
Formneuter, nominative, singular
देवgod; divine
देव:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
Formmasculine, (compound member)
निर्मितम्made/ordained
निर्मितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मित
Formneuter, nominative, singular; past passive participle (नि+√मा/मि 'to measure/build' → निर्मित 'made')
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
अन्तराin between; during the interval
अन्तरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्तरा
Formindeclinable (adverb/preposition)
भोजनम्eating; a meal
भोजनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
Formneuter, accusative, singular
दृष्टम्seen; found (as a rule)
दृष्टम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदृष्ट
Formneuter, nominative, singular; past passive participle (√दृश् 'to see' → दृष्ट 'seen')
उपवासfasting
उपवास:
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
Formmasculine, (compound member)
विधिःrule; injunction; method
विधिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
Formindeclinable (emphatic/causal particle)
सःhe/that (person)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
Devas (gods)
M
Manushyas (human beings)

Educational Q&A

Maintain disciplined eating—only morning and evening meals, avoiding food in between—so that restraint itself yields the merit associated with fasting; this personal discipline is aligned with the broader dharma of supporting and welcoming others (guests, dependents, kin, and refugees).

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma (Anushasana Parva), he lays down a normative rule of conduct for householders: regulated meal-times as divinely ordained, and the ethical expectation that one’s life be oriented toward protection and hospitality for those connected to or dependent on the householder.