Shloka 2
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् । पवनस्य च संवादमर्जुनस्य च भारत
Transliteration
Bhīṣma uvāca: atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṁ purātanam | pavanasya ca saṁvādam arjunasya ca bhārata ||
Translation
Bhīṣma berkata: “Di sini juga, wahai Bharata, orang bijaksana memetik teladan daripada suatu kisah purba—riwayat lama—iaitu dialog antara Dewa Angin (Pavana) dan Arjuna.”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अत्रhere; in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उदाहरन्तिthey cite; they give as an example
उदाहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-हृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
इमम्this
इमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिहासम्ancient tale; historical account
इतिहासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइतिहास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरातनम्ancient; old
पुरातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरातन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पवनस्यof the Wind (Vayu)
पवनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपवन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
संवादम्dialogue; conversation
संवादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंवाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अर्जुनस्यof Arjuna
अर्जुनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaP
Pavana (Vāyu, Wind-god)A
ArjunaB
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Bhishma frames his instruction by appealing to itihāsa (authoritative ancient precedent): ethical guidance is strengthened by citing exemplary narratives and dialogues of revered figures.
Bhishma introduces an old story as an illustration, announcing that the coming example is a dialogue between the Wind-god (Pavana/Vāyu) and Arjuna, addressed to ‘O Bharata’ (Yudhiṣṭhira).