Anushasana Parva Adhyaya 146 Shloka 39 - Mahabharata | Malay | Vedapath

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Shloka 39

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

Devanagari script

आहिताग्निरधीयानो जुहद्दान: संयतेन्द्रिय: । विघसाशी यताहारो गृहस्थ: सत्यवाक्‌ शुचि:

Transliteration

āhitāgnir adhīyāno juhad-dānaḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ | vighasāśī yatāhāro gṛhasthaḥ satyavāk śuciḥ ||

Translation

Mahādeva bersabda: “Seorang penghuni rumah tangga hendaklah orang yang telah mendirikan api suci dengan sempurna dan memelihara Agnihotra; tekun dalam swādhyāya (pengajian Veda); rajin mempersembahkan korban suci serta bersedekah; menguasai pancaindera; makan hanya sisa setelah persembahan dan setelah tetamu dilayani; bersederhana dalam pemakanan; berkata benar; dan hidup dalam kesucian.”

Word by Word

आहिताग्निःone who has established the sacred fires

अधीयानःstudying (reciting the Veda)

जुहत्offering (into the fire), performing oblations

दानःgiver; one who gives (charity)

संयतेन्द्रियःone whose senses are restrained

विघसाशीeating only after others/after offerings (leftovers)

यताहारःmoderate in food; regulated diet

गृहस्थःhouseholder

सत्यवाक्truth-speaking

शुचिःpure, clean

Speaker

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

Śrī Mahādeva (Śrī Maheśvara)

gṛhastha (householder)

āhita-agni (established sacred fires)

Agnihotra (implied by āhitāgni and juhat)

svādhyāya (implied by adhīyāna)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse defines the ethical and ritual ideal of a gṛhastha: sustaining sacred fires and daily offerings, continuing Vedic study, practicing charity, restraining the senses, eating moderately and only after duties of offering and hospitality, speaking truth, and maintaining purity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śrī Maheśvara is instructing on gṛhastha-dharma within Anuśāsana Parva’s broader teachings on right conduct, listing the qualities and disciplines that make a householder’s life dharmic.