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Shloka 113

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

विषयभोगोंसे निवृत्त रहना, गोरसका आहार करना, शमके साधनमें प्रेम रखना, खुले मैदान चबूतरेपर सोना, योगका अभ्यास करना, साग-पातका सेवन करना, फल-मूल खाकर रहना, वायु, जल और सेवारका आहार करना--ये ऋषियोंके नियम हैं। इनका पालन करनेसे वे अजित--सर्वश्रेष्ठ गतिको प्राप्त करते हैं ।।

viṣayabhogebhyo nivṛttir, gorasāhāraḥ, śamasādhanaprema, vivṛte kṣetre caṭvare śayanaṃ, yogābhyāsaḥ, śākapatrasevanaṃ, phalamūlāśanaṃ, vāyu-jala-sevāra-āhāraś ca—ete ṛṣīṇāṃ niyamāḥ; etān anutiṣṭhanto ’jitāṃ (ajitāṃ) paramāṃ gatiṃ prāpnuvanti. vidhūme sannamusale vyaḍrāre bhuktavajjane | atītapātrasañcāre kāle vigatabhikṣuke ||

Maheśvara bersabda: “Menjauhkan diri daripada kenikmatan indera; hidup dengan hasil susu; mencintai amalan ketenangan batin (śama); tidur di tanah lapang atau di pelantar; berlatih yoga; memakan sayur dan daun; bertahan dengan buah dan akar; serta mengambil hanya udara, air, dan apa yang diperoleh melalui khidmat—itulah niyama para ṛṣi. Dengan memelihara nazar-nazar ini, mereka mencapai keadaan tertinggi yang ‘tidak dapat ditaklukkan’.” Bait ini juga melukiskan suasana asketik: makan di tempat tanpa asap, dengan alu-dan-lesung yang sederhana di sisi; bergerak dengan bejana yang telah lusuh; dan pada waktu para pengemis telah selesai meminta sedekah—tanda pelepasan diri yang tegas dan hidup yang teratur.

विधूमेin a smokeless (fire/place)
विधूमे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविधूम
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सन्नमुसलेwhere the pestle is laid down/at rest
सन्नमुसले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसन्नमुसल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
व्यड्रारेin a place hostile to tigers (i.e., safe from tigers)
व्यड्रारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्रारि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भुक्तवत्as one who has eaten; having eaten
भुक्तवत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभुक्तवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जनेamong people/in society
जने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अतीतपात्रसंचारेin the going about with a worn/old begging-bowl
अतीतपात्रसंचारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअतीतपात्रसंचार
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कालेat the (proper) time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विगतभिक्षुकेwhen the beggar has departed/after the mendicant is gone
विगतभिक्षुके:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविगतभिक्षुक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī-Maheśvara (Śiva)
Ṛṣis (seers/sages)
Y
Yoga
G
Goras (milk-products)
P
Phala-mūla (fruits and roots)
V
Vāyu (air)
J
Jala (water)
P
Pātra (vessel)
M
Musala (pestle)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches disciplined renunciation: restraining the senses, adopting simple and pure sustenance, cultivating inner calm, and practicing yoga. Such regulated living is presented as a dharmic path leading to the ‘unconquered’ highest goal (paramā gati), i.e., liberation or the supreme spiritual state.

Śrī Mahēśvara is instructing about the niyamas (observances) followed by ṛṣis. He lists concrete practices—diet, sleeping arrangements, and yogic discipline—and then indicates that these austerities characterize a life of renunciation and lead to the highest attainment.