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Shloka 296

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

कं वा प्रीणयते देव॑ कथं तारयते पितृन्‌ | किंतु पहले पिण्डको उठाकर जो नीचे जलमें डाल देनेकी बात कही गयी है

kaṃ vā prīṇayate devaḥ kathaṃ tārayate pitṝn | kintu pūrve piṇḍakaṃ utthāpya yo nīce jalasmin dālayituṃ uktaḥ, tasya anusarataḥ yadi sa jalasmin dālyate tarhi sa kasya prāpyate? kaṃ devatāṃ tṛptayati? kathaṃ ca pitṝn tārayati?

Utusan dewa bertanya: “Siapakah yang benar-benar dipuaskan oleh persembahan ini, wahai dewa, dan bagaimana ia menyelamatkan para Pitṛ? Terdahulu dikatakan bahawa seseorang harus mengangkat bebola nasi upacara (piṇḍa) lalu mencampakkannya ke dalam air. Jika ia dilemparkan ke dalam air seperti yang diajarkan, kepada siapakah ia sampai? Dewa manakah yang ditenteramkan olehnya, dan dengan cara bagaimana para leluhur diseberangkan?”

कंwhom?
कं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
प्रीणयतेpleases / satisfies
प्रीणयते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्री (प्रीणयति)
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
देवःthe god / deity
देवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कथंhow?
कथं:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
तारयतेdelivers / saves / ferries across
तारयते:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (तारयति)
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
पितॄन्the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

देवदूत उवाच

देवदूत (divine messenger)
देव (a god / divine being addressed)
पितृ (ancestors)
पिण्ड (piṇḍa offering)
जल (water)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry into ritual efficacy: an act (casting the piṇḍa into water) must have a clear recipient and purpose—who is satisfied, and by what mechanism do ancestors benefit? It emphasizes that rites are not mere gestures; their meaning, intended recipient, and ethical-ritual logic should be understood.

A divine messenger questions a prior instruction about śrāddha procedure—lifting a piṇḍa and dropping it into water. The messenger asks for clarification: to whom does the offering go, which deity is pleased, and how this act results in the ‘deliverance’ of the pitṛs.