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Shloka 21

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

अचक्षुविंषयं प्राप्तं कं धर्मोडनुगच्छति । मनुष्यका स्थूल शरीर तो मरकर यहीं पड़ा रह जाता है और उसका सूक्ष्म शरीर अव्यक्तभावको प्राप्त हो जाता है--नेत्रोंकी पहुँचसे परे है। ऐसी दशामें धर्म किस प्रकार उसका अनुसरण करता है? ।।

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: acakṣu-viṣayaṁ prāptaṁ kaṁ dharmo ’nugacchati? Manuṣyasya sthūla-śarīraṁ tu mṛtvā ihaiva patitaṁ tiṣṭhati, tasya sūkṣma-śarīram avyaktabhāvaṁ prāpya netrāṇāṁ gocaraṁ na bhavati. Etādṛśyāṁ daśāyāṁ dharmaḥ kathaṁ tam anugacchati? Bṛhaspatir uvāca: pṛthivī vāyur ākāśam āpo jyotir mano ’ntakaḥ.

Yudhiṣṭhira bertanya: “Apabila seseorang telah melampaui jangkauan penglihatan, siapakah yang diikuti dharma? Kerana tubuh kasar manusia, setelah mati, terbaring di sini; sedangkan tubuh halus mencapai keadaan tidak termanifestasi, di luar capaian mata. Dalam keadaan demikian, bagaimana dharma menyertainya?” Bṛhaspati menjawab, memulakan huraian tentang unsur dan daya—bumi, angin, ruang, air, cahaya, minda, dan pembawa pengakhiran (maut)—untuk menerangkan bahawa akibat moral tidak lenyap walau insan itu tidak kelihatan.

अचक्षुविषयंobject beyond sight / not within the range of the eyes
अचक्षुविषयं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअचक्षु-विषय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्तम्having reached / attained
प्राप्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कम्whom?
कम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मःdharma / merit / righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुगच्छतिfollows
अनुगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-गम्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
बृहस्पतिःBṛhaspati
बृहस्पतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहस्पति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृथिवीearth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वायुःwind
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आकाशम्space / ether
आकाशम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ज्योतिःlight / fire
ज्योतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दन्तकःDantaka (proper name) / one named Dantaka
दन्तकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदन्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bṛhaspati
D
dharma
S
sthūla-śarīra (gross body)
S
sūkṣma-śarīra (subtle body)
P
pṛthivī
V
vāyu
Ā
ākāśa
Ā
āpaḥ
J
jyotis
M
manas
A
antaka (death)

Educational Q&A

That ethical consequence (dharma/karma) is not limited by physical visibility: even when the gross body remains and the subtle body becomes unmanifest, dharma still ‘follows’ through the causal order governing the person’s subtle existence and destiny.

Yudhiṣṭhira presses a philosophical doubt about how dharma can accompany someone who is no longer perceptible after death. Bṛhaspati begins his reply by invoking the elemental and inner principles (earth, air, space, water, light, mind) and death, setting up an explanation of post-mortem continuity and moral accountability.