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Shloka 149

ज्येष्ठ-कनिष्ठ-धर्मः — Duties of Elders and Juniors

Anuśāsana-parva 108

महात्मनां च चरितं श्रोतव्यं॑ नित्यमेव ते । नरेश्वर! गान्धर्वशास्त्र (संगीत) और समस्त कलाओंका ज्ञान प्राप्त करना भी तुम्हारे लिये आवश्यक है। तुम्हें प्रतेदिन पुराण, इतिहास, उपाख्यान तथा महात्माओंके चरित्रका श्रवण करना चाहिये ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | mahātmanāṃ ca caritaṃ śrotavyaṃ nityam eva te | nareśvara | mānyānāṃ mānanaṃ kuryān nindyānāṃ nindanaṃ tathā | gobrāhmaṇārthaṃ yudhyet prāṇān api parityajet | patnī rajasvalā yā ca nābhigacchen na cāhvayet | caturthe ’hani sā snātvā rātrau gacched budhaḥ pumān | pañcame garbhadhānāt tu kanyā syāt ṣaṣṭhe tu putrakaḥ | samarātrau garbhadhānāt putraḥ syād viṣamarātrau kanyā ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Wahai raja, engkau hendaklah sentiasa mendengar kisah dan teladan para mahatma, insan yang berjiwa agung. Hormatilah mereka yang layak dihormati, dan kecamlah mereka yang patut dikecam. Demi lembu-lembu dan para Brahmana, berperanglah—hingga sanggup mengorbankan nyawa. Apabila isteri berada dalam masa haid, janganlah mendekatinya dan jangan pula memanggilnya; setelah ia mandi pada hari keempat, seorang yang bijaksana boleh mendekatinya pada waktu malam. Dikatakan, persenyawaan pada hari kelima menghasilkan anak perempuan, dan pada hari keenam anak lelaki; demikian juga, persenyawaan pada malam genap menghasilkan anak lelaki, dan pada malam ganjil anak perempuan.”

महात्मनाम्of great-souled (men)
महात्मनाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चरितम्conduct; life-story; deeds
चरितम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचरित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
श्रोतव्यम्is to be heard; should be listened to
श्रोतव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Obligation/necessity
नित्यम्always; regularly
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तेfor you; to you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Dative, Singular
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Nareśvara)
C
cows (go)
B
Brahmins (brāhmaṇa)
W
wife (patnī)

Educational Q&A

A king should cultivate dharma through regular hearing of exemplary lives, uphold social-ethical order by honoring the worthy and censuring the blameworthy, and be ready to sacrifice for the protection of cows and Brahmins; alongside this, household discipline is taught through rules of conduct regarding the wife’s menstrual period and traditional notions about timing of conception.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising the king on proper royal and domestic conduct: he prescribes daily listening to purāṇa/itihāsa-style narratives and lays down norms for public duty (protection, warfare for righteous causes) and private life (sexual restraint during menstruation and timing-related beliefs about conception).