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Shloka 102

Santaptaka’s Encounter with Five Pretas and Their Liberation through Viṣṇu’s Presence

Devanagari script

प्रेताः संगवशेन नाकमवन्सन्तप्तको ब्राह्मणो विष्वक्सन इति प्रसिद्धविभवो नाम्ना गणे मे ऽभवत् / एतत्ते सकलं मया निगादितं यश्चैतदुत्कीर्तयेद्यश्चेदं शृणुयान्न सो ऽपि पुरुषः प्रेतत्वमाप्नोति हि

Transliteration

pretāḥ saṃgavaśena nākamavansantaptako brāhmaṇo viṣvaksana iti prasiddhavibhavo nāmnā gaṇe me 'bhavat / etatte sakalaṃ mayā nigāditaṃ yaścaitadutkīrtayedyaścedaṃ śṛṇuyānna so 'pi puruṣaḥ pretatvamāpnoti hi

Translation

Dengan kekuatan pergaulan, para preta mencapai syurga; dan Brahmana bernama Santaptaka, yang masyhur dengan kemakmuran, menjadi anggota rombongan pengiring-Ku, dikenali dengan nama Viṣvaksena. Semuanya ini telah Ku-nyatakan kepadamu dengan lengkap. Sesiapa yang melagukan bacaan ini dan sesiapa yang mendengarnya—orang itu sesungguhnya tidak jatuh ke keadaan sebagai preta.

Word by Word
प्रेताःpretas; departed spirits
प्रेताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural
संगवशेनby the power of association
संगवशेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसंग (प्रातिपदिक) + वश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन — Instrumental singular; समासः तत्पुरुषः (संगस्य वशः)
नाकम्heaven
नाकम्:
Karma (Goal/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootनाक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular
अवन्attained; reached
अवन्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अव् (धातु)
Formलुङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन — Aorist, 3rd person plural (they attained/reached)
सन्तप्तकःSantaptaka (name)
सन्तप्तकः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्तप्तक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular (proper name)
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular (apposition)
विष्वक्सनःViṣvaksana (name)
विष्वक्सनः:
Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविष्वक्सन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular (proper name/epithet)
इतिthus; called
इति:
Sambandha (Quotation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरणसूचक-अव्यय — quotative particle
प्रसिद्धविभवःof renowned glory
प्रसिद्धविभवः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रसिद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + विभव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular; समासः कर्मधारयः
नाम्नाby name
नाम्ना:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootनामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन — Instrumental singular (by name)
गणेin the group
गणे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootगण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन — Locative singular (in the group)
मेof me; my
मे:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी, एकवचन — Genitive singular (of me)
अभवत्became; was
अभवत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formलुङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन — Aorist, 3rd person singular (became/was)
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — this (as object/topic)
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formचतुर्थी, एकवचन — Dative singular (to you)
सकलम्entire; whole
सकलम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसकल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — agreeing with एतत्
मयाby me
मया:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया, एकवचन — Instrumental singular (by me)
निगादितम्has been narrated
निगादितम्:
Kriya (Predicative/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनिगादित (कृदन्त, √गद् with नि-)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — past participle (told/declared)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular (relative)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय — conjunction
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular
उत्कीर्तयेत्should proclaim; recite aloud
उत्कीर्तयेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउत् + √कीर्त्/√कीर्तय् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (सम्भावना/विधान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन — Optative, 3rd person singular (should proclaim)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular
चand
च:
Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय — conjunction
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular
शृणुयात्should listen
शृणुयात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√श्रु (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन — Optative, 3rd person singular (should hear)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय — negative particle
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात — particle (even)
पुरुषःperson
पुरुषः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular
प्रेतत्वम्the state of being a preta
प्रेतत्वम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेतत्व (प्रातिपदिक; -त्व प्रत्यय)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular
आप्नोतिattains
आप्नोति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√आप् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन — Present, 3rd person singular
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात — explanatory particle (indeed/for)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Svarga

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śravaṇa-kīrtana of sacred teaching protects from preta-bhāva; sat-saṅga and divine affiliation transform destiny.

Vedantic Theme: Power of nāma/śabda and sattvic hearing; saṃskāra through sacred sound; grace-mediated purification of karmic trajectory.

Application: Regularly hear/recite purāṇic teachings with faith; use sacred reading as a preventive spiritual discipline, especially around death-rites contexts.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: celestial court/retinue

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: phalaśruti passages promising protection through hearing/recitation; Motif of avoiding preta-state via śravaṇa, kīrtana, and proper rites

Characters & Entities
P
Pretas
S
Santaptaka (Brahmin)
V
Viṣvaksena

FAQs

This verse states that recitation (utkīrtana) and hearing (śravaṇa) of the teaching itself is a protective merit, preventing one from falling into the preta condition after death.

It emphasizes that outcomes after death are influenced by saṅga (association) and by contact with sacred discourse; such merit can elevate beings (even pretas) and avert the preta-state for listeners/reciters.

Maintain uplifting association and regularly listen to or recite sacred teachings—especially those connected with dharma and death rites—as a discipline that supports ethical living and prepares the mind for a good passage after death.

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