Shloka 122

Āśauca, Daśāha Piṇḍa-Rites, Vṛṣotsarga, Sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa, and the Yama-mārga

Path to Yama

माता भ्राता पिता पुत्रः को ऽपि मे वर्तते न वा / यो मामुद्धरते पापं पतन्तं दुः खसागरे

mātā bhrātā pitā putraḥ ko 'pi me vartate na vā / yo māmuddharate pāpaṃ patantaṃ duḥ khasāgare

Sama ada aku mempunyai ibu, saudara, bapa, atau anak—atau tiada sesiapa pun—siapakah yang dapat mengangkat aku, si pendosa, ketika aku jatuh ke lautan penderitaan?

माताmother
माता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
भ्राताbrother
भ्राता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
कःwho
कः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम
अपिeven; also
अपि:
Sambandha/Discourse particle (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), ‘even/also’
मेof me; my
मे:
Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
वर्ततेexists; is present
वर्तते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvṛt (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation particle)
वाor
वा:
Disjunction (विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
माम्me
माम्:
Karman (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
उद्धरतेlifts up; rescues
उद्धरते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootud-√hṛ (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
पापम्sin
पापम्:
Karman (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
पतन्तम्falling
पतन्तम्:
Karman-viśeṣaṇa (Object qualifier/कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpat (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘माम्’ इति विशेषण
दुःखसागरेin the ocean of sorrow
दुःखसागरे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + sāgara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (duḥkhasya sāgaraḥ), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन

Preta (departed soul) describing helplessness after death (as narrated in the Vishnu–Garuda dialogue)

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Concept: At death, social supports (mother/father/son) cannot rescue; one’s own karma and dharmic merit determine uplift from suffering.

Vedantic Theme: Anityatva of worldly relations; dependence on one’s sadhana/puṇya rather than external attachments.

Application: Cultivate dharma and charity while alive; reduce over-reliance on family security; prepare spiritually for death through daana and devotion.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: Vaitaraṇī-crossing and daana passages (adjacent verses 2.5.123–126); Garuda Purana: repeated motif that only dharma follows the jīva after death

P
Preta

FAQs

It stresses that after death, family ties cannot override one’s karma; only dharmic living and meritorious acts can prevent the soul’s fall into suffering.

It depicts the preta’s isolation and vulnerability, implying that the post-death journey is governed by one’s deeds rather than social support or lineage.

Live ethically and cultivate merit (dharma, charity, self-restraint), recognizing that personal responsibility—not family status—determines one’s spiritual outcome.