Shloka 22

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and Dāna as the Soul’s True Companion on the Path to Yama

सर्वं विजानाति हि गर्भसंस्थितो जातश्च सद्यस्तदिदञ्च विस्मरेत् / यच्चिन्तितं गर्भसमागतेन वै बालो युवा वृद्धवया बभूव

sarvaṃ vijānāti hi garbhasaṃsthito jātaśca sadyastadidañca vismaret / yaccintitaṃ garbhasamāgatena vai bālo yuvā vṛddhavayā babhūva

Sesungguhnya, ketika berada dalam rahim, makhluk itu mengetahui segala-galanya; namun sebaik sahaja lahir, dia segera melupakan semuanya. Apa yang direnungkan ketika memasuki rahim—mengikut peringkat usia—dia menjadi kanak-kanak, menjadi pemuda, lalu menjadi tua.

sarvameverything
sarvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
vijānātiknows
vijānāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√jñā (ज्ञा धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), emphasis/indeed
garbha-saṃsthitaḥsituated in the womb
garbha-saṃsthitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootgarbha (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃsthita (कृदन्त)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘garbhe saṃsthitaḥ’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
jātaḥborn
jātaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; state after birth)
TypeVerb
Rootjan (जन् धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
sadyaḥimmediately
sadyaḥ:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadyaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
vismaretwould forget
vismaret:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√smṛ (स्मृ धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
yatwhat/that which
yat:
Karma (कर्म; object of ‘smṛta/vismaret’ sense)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormRelative pronoun (यद्-), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
cintitamthought/pondered
cintitam:
Karma (कर्म; ‘what was thought’)
TypeVerb
Root√cint (चिन्त् धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
garbha-samāgatenaby one who had entered the womb
garbha-samāgatena:
Karaṇa (करण; instrumental agent/means)
TypeAdjective
Rootgarbha (प्रातिपदिक) + sam-ā-gata (कृदन्त)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘garbhe samāgataḥ’ (having come into the womb); Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine/Neuter as context (here instrumental singular)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), emphasis
bālaḥa child
bālaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate stage)
TypeNoun
Rootbāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
yuvāa youth
yuvā:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate stage)
TypeNoun
Rootyuvan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
vṛddha-vayāḥof old age
vṛddha-vayāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate stage)
TypeAdjective
Rootvṛddha (प्रातिपदिक) + vayas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘vṛddhaṃ vayaḥ yasya’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
babhūvabecame
babhūva:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: Consciousness is veiled by birth; memory/knowledge fluctuates across embodiment; life proceeds through āśrama-like stages (bālya, yauvana, vṛddha).

Vedantic Theme: Avidyā as the cause of forgetfulness; saṃskāra and vāsanā persist though explicit memory is lost.

Application: Use contemplative practices (svādhyāya, meditation, japa) to counter forgetfulness and live intentionally through each stage of life.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: bodily-inner-space

Related Themes: Garuda Purana and other Purāṇic accounts of garbha-śayana and birth-forgetfulness (general internal parallel)

G
Garbha (womb)
J
Jiva (individual soul)

FAQs

This verse states that the jiva, while in the womb, possesses clear knowing, but loses that awareness immediately upon birth—highlighting how embodied life veils spiritual knowledge.

It presents a samsaric pattern: the soul enters embodiment (womb), experiences a veil of forgetfulness at birth, and then proceeds through life-stages—childhood, youth, and old age—under the conditions of karma and bodily limitation.

Treat life as a brief, staged journey: cultivate remembrance through dharma, self-discipline, and spiritual study so that forgetfulness does not lead to careless action and further bondage.