Shloka 38

Vaitaraṇī: Torments of the Sinful, Sins Enumerated, and the Vaitaraṇī Go-dāna Rite

मृतस्यैव तु यद्दानं परोक्षे तत्समं स्मृतम् / स्वहस्तेन ततो देयं मृते कः कस्य दास्यती

mṛtasyaiva tu yaddānaṃ parokṣe tatsamaṃ smṛtam / svahastena tato deyaṃ mṛte kaḥ kasya dāsyatī

Sedekah yang dilakukan hanya setelah seseorang meninggal dianggap sekadar persembahan tidak langsung. Maka hendaklah memberi dengan tangan sendiri ketika masih hidup—apabila maut tiba, siapa akan memberi kepada siapa?

mṛtasyaof the dead
mṛtasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √mṛ (धातु) + kta)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; ‘of the dead (person)’
evaindeed/only
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात) of emphasis
tubut/and
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (निपात) indicating contrast
yatwhich/whatever
yat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootyat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; relative pronoun qualifying ‘dānam’
dānamgift/charity
dānam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
parokṣein absence/secretly
parokṣe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootparokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in absence/when unseen’
tatthat
tat:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; demonstrative pronoun referring to ‘that (gift)’
samamequal
samam:
Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधान-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective with ‘tat’
smṛtamis considered/said
smṛtam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛ (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative Singular; impersonal passive sense ‘is said/considered’
svahastenawith one’s own hand
svahastena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsva + hasta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘with one’s own hand’
tataḥtherefore/then
tataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण) meaning ‘therefore/then’
deyamshould be given
deyam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (धातु) + ya (कृदन्त; gerundive/णीयत्-भाव)
FormGerundive (भाव्य/कर्तव्य; ‘to be given’), Neuter, Nominative Singular; predicative with implied ‘dānam’
mṛtewhen dead/after death
mṛte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √mṛ + kta)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘when (someone is) dead’
kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; interrogative pronoun
kasyato whom/of whom
kasya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; interrogative ‘of whom/to whom’
dāsyatiwill give
dāsyati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dā (धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: Dana should be done personally while alive; post-death gifts are indirect and cannot replace one’s own intentional action.

Vedantic Theme: Kartṛtva and agency in embodied life; impermanence (anitya) as spur to dharma; intention and direct action matter for karma formation.

Application: Do not postpone generosity or religious duties; make a living will/charity plan, but prioritize direct giving and service now.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: emphasis on timely dana and the limits of proxy acts (general); Garuda Purana: teachings on death’s suddenness and the need for preparedness (general)

FAQs

This verse stresses that charity should be performed personally while living; post-death giving is treated as indirect and cannot replace one’s own deliberate act of dharma.

It implies urgency: once death occurs, personal agency ends—so merit-making acts like dana must be done before the soul enters the post-death journey described in the Preta Kanda.

Practice regular, intentional giving (food, support, service) during life rather than postponing merit to after-death arrangements, making dharma a lived habit.