Shloka 14
Determining Rites for Difficult/Inauspicious Deaths; Annual and Daily Śrāddha Rules
न ज्ञायते मृताहश्चेत् प्रस्थानदिनमेव च / मासश्चेत् स्यात् परिज्ञातस्तद्दर्शे स्यान्मृताहिकम्
na jñāyate mṛtāhaścet prasthānadinameva ca / māsaścet syāt parijñātastaddarśe syānmṛtāhikam
Jika hari kematian yang tepat tidak diketahui, maka hari ‘berangkat’ itulah hendaklah diambil sebagai hari kematian. Namun jika bulannya diketahui, maka apabila tithi itu muncul dalam bulan tersebut, hendaklah dilakukan mṛtāhika (amalan hari kematian).
Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinatā-putra)
Ritual Type: Ekoddishta
Beneficiary: Pitr
Timing: When death-day is unknown; use departure day; if month known, observe on the recurring tithi within that month
Concept: When exact death-day is unknown, adopt the known departure day; if month is known, perform on the corresponding lunar date within that month.
Vedantic Theme: Dharma as workable discipline—intent and correct proxy-rules preserve saṃskāra continuity.
Application: Use best-known temporal data: (1) if death-day unknown, use departure day; (2) if month known, observe on that month’s corresponding tithi (darśe—appearance/occurrence of that tithi).
Primary Rasa: shanta
Type: griha/ritual-space
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.45.15-16 (fallback rules when month/day unknown)
FAQs
This verse gives a practical dharma-rule: when the exact death-day cannot be determined, one may treat the known departure day as the operative death-day so the required rites are not neglected.
It says that if the month is known, the mṛtāhika should be done when the corresponding time-marker (commonly understood as the relevant lunar date/tithi’s occurrence within that month) appears, aligning observance with traditional calendrical reckoning.
If family records are incomplete, perform the death observance based on the best-known reference (departure day), or if the month is confirmed, schedule rites according to the appropriate lunar-calendar occurrence—so duties to the departed are fulfilled responsibly.