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Shloka 165

Dāna as Prāyaścitta; Deathbed Gifts; Antyeṣṭi Procedures; Nārāyaṇa-bali for Untimely Deaths

Devanagari script

गोमूत्रं गोमयं क्षीरं दधि सर्पिः कुशोदकम् / जग्ध्वा परे ऽह्न्युपवसेत्कृच्छ्रं सान्तपनञ्चरन्

Transliteration

gomūtraṃ gomayaṃ kṣīraṃ dadhi sarpiḥ kuśodakam / jagdhvā pare 'hnyupavasetkṛcchraṃ sāntapanañcaran

Translation

Setelah mengambil air kencing lembu, tahi lembu, susu, dadhi (dadih), ghee, dan air yang disucikan dengan rumput kuśa, pada hari berikutnya hendaklah berpuasa—demikianlah menjalankan kṛcchra bentuk Sāntapana.

Word by Word
गोमूत्रम्cow-urine
गोमूत्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक) + मूत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (गोः मूत्रम्)
गोमयम्cow-dung
गोमयम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (गोः मयम्)
क्षीरम्milk
क्षीरम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दधिcurd
दधि:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सर्पिःghee
सर्पिः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्पिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (सर्पिः = acc. sg. neuter)
कुशोदकम्kuśa-water (water with kuśa grass)
कुशोदकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकुश (प्रातिपदिक) + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (कुशैः/कुशसम्बद्धम् उदकम्)
जग्ध्वाhaving eaten
जग्ध्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Rootभक्ष् (धातु) / जग्ध् (धातुरूप) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): ‘having eaten’
परेon the next
परे:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘परे अह्नि’ इति लोकेशन
अह्निday
अह्नि:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन
उपवसेत्should fast
उपवसेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-वास् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कृच्छ्रम्the kṛcchra (penance)
कृच्छ्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सान्तपनम्the sāntapana (penance)
सान्तपनम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसान्तपन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
चरन्practising/performing
चरन्:
Karta (Agent participle/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Sāntapana kṛcchra: consume cow-urine, cow-dung, milk, curd, ghee, and kuśa-sanctified water; fast the next day.

Vedantic Theme: External śuddhi as symbol for internal purification; humility and surrender of taste-preference to dharma.

Application: If prescribed traditionally, follow with ritual cleanliness and intention; understand the symbolic purificatory logic and avoid casual or unsafe imitation.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.4.162-164 (kṛcchra variants)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda
V
Vishnu

FAQs

This verse presents Sāntapana as a defined prāyaścitta: consuming specific purifying cow-products and kuśa-water, followed by a fast, to counter ritual impurity and certain sins through disciplined austerity.

In the Preta Kanda context, purification and expiation are prescribed alongside afterlife teachings; the verse gives a concrete, rule-based method (kṛcchra) for reducing the burden of wrongdoing through regulated conduct and fasting.

The core takeaway is disciplined self-restraint and intentional purification—observing ethical correction, fasting or dietary restraint under guidance, and adopting sincere repentance rather than repeating harmful actions.

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