Shloka 6

Sūtaka-Nirṇaya: Causes, Duration, Exceptions, and Purification Protocols

आमगर्भाश्च ये जीवा ये च गर्भाद्विनिः सृताः / न तेषामग्निसंस्कारो नाशौचं नोदकक्रिया

āmagarbhāśca ye jīvā ye ca garbhādviniḥ sṛtāḥ / na teṣāmagnisaṃskāro nāśaucaṃ nodakakriyā

Bagi makhluk yang terkeluar dari rahim dalam keadaan belum terbentuk, dan bagi yang gugur sebelum cukup bulan, tiada upacara penyucian jenazah dengan api (agni-saṃskāra); tiada juga tempoh aśauca, dan tiada dilakukan upacara persembahan air (odaka-kriyā) bagi mereka.

आम-गर्भाः(those who are) unformed fetuses
आम-गर्भाः:
कर्ता (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआम (प्रातिपदिक) + गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः—'आमः गर्भः' (unformed/immature fetus)
and
:
समुच्चय (समुच्चयः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
येwho
ये:
कर्ता (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
जीवाःbeings
जीवाः:
कर्ता (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजीव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
येwho
ये:
कर्ता (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक सर्वनाम
and
:
समुच्चय (समुच्चयः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
गर्भात्from the womb
गर्भात्:
अपादान (अपादानम्)
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन
विनिःसृताः(those) expelled/come out
विनिःसृताः:
विशेषण (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-निः-√सृ (धातु) + क्त (कृत्प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle)
not
:
निषेध (निषेधः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation particle)
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन
अग्नि-संस्कारःfire-rite/cremation rite
अग्नि-संस्कारः:
कर्ता (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) + संस्कार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (अग्नेः संस्कारः)
not
:
निषेध (निषेधः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय
अशौचम्impurity (period)
अशौचम्:
कर्ता (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअ-शौच (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुष/उपसर्गपूर्वक (negated)
nor
:
निषेध (निषेधः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय
उदक-क्रियाwater-rite (libations etc.)
उदक-क्रिया:
कर्ता (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउदक (प्रातिपदिक) + क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (उदकस्य क्रिया)

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Timing: Not applicable as a rite; the verse explicitly negates udaka-kriyā and aśauca for these cases.

Concept: For unformed expulsions and premature slips from the womb, no cremation consecration, no aśauca, and no water-rites are prescribed.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma differentiates saṃskāra by embodied status/eligibility; ritual action is not merely emotion-driven but rule-governed.

Application: In cases of miscarriage/very premature expulsion as defined by tradition, do not perform full antyeṣṭi/udaka-kriyā; follow the prescribed minimal purity steps per one’s śākhā/smṛti guidance.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: household/cremation context (negated)

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: gradations of aśauca and antyeṣṭi eligibility

A
Agni
G
Garbha
J
Jiva

FAQs

It states that for an unformed fetus or a being expelled prematurely from the womb, the standard funeral rites—cremation (agni-saṃskāra), mourning impurity (aśauca), and water offerings (udaka-kriyā)—are not prescribed.

By exempting such cases from full post-death rites, the text distinguishes categories of embodied existence and indicates that not every departure is treated as a complete, socially ritualized transition into the preta-related sequence described elsewhere in the Preta Kanda.

It supports the principle that rites and mourning rules are applied proportionately and according to śāstra-based categories; families may consult tradition and learned guidance to avoid imposing full cremation/udaka rites and extended aśauca where this verse indicates exemption.