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Shloka 72

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

मृतानां कः सुतो दद्याद्द्विजेशय्यां सतूलिकाम् / एवं जानन्निदं सर्वं स्वहस्तेनैव दापयेत्

Transliteration

mṛtānāṃ kaḥ suto dadyāddvijeśayyāṃ satūlikām / evaṃ jānannidaṃ sarvaṃ svahastenaiva dāpayet

Translation

Antara anak lelaki si mati, siapakah yang akan menghadiahkan kepada seorang Brahmana sebuah katil beserta tilam? Mengetahui segala hakikat ini, hendaklah seseorang memastikan sedekah itu diberikan dengan tangannya sendiri.

Word by Word
मृतानाम्of the dead
मृतानाम्:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛta (कृदन्त; √mṛ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (Genitive); बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (substantive: “of the dead”)
कःwho
कः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootka (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
सुतःson
सुतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsuta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचन
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद
द्विजेto a Brahmin
द्विजे:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी (4th/Dative); एकवचन
शय्याम्a bed
शय्याम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśayyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन
स-तूलिकाम्with a mattress/cushion
स-तूलिकाम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa + tūlikā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; उपपद-विशेषण (सहितार्थक ‘स’ = “with”)
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevaṃ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus)
जानन्knowing
जानन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ); प्रथमा; एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; कर्तरि (knowing)
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; इदम् इत्यस्य विशेषण (all)
स्व-हस्तेनwith one’s own hand
स्व-हस्तेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsva + hasta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया; एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (स्वः हस्तः)
एवindeed/only
एव:
Avadharana (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (only/indeed)
दापयेत्should have (it) given / should cause to give
दापयेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु) (णिच् causative: दापय)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative: “should cause to be given/should have given”)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Do dharmic giving personally while alive; do not rely on descendants to perform it after one’s death.

Vedantic Theme: Karma is personal and time-bound to embodied agency; prudent detachment from expectations about others’ actions.

Application: Arrange and perform prescribed gifts (here śayyā with mattress) directly; formalize charitable intentions while living.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: household

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana dāna-mahātmyas: śayyā-dāna and its fruits; warnings against postponement (contextual); Garuda Purana: emphasis on self-performed dharma to avoid post-death distress (thematic)

Characters & Entities
B
Brahmin (Dvija)
D
Departed ancestors (Preta/Pitri context)

FAQs

This verse highlights śayyā-dāna—giving a bed with a mattress to a Brahmin—as a valued post-death charitable act connected with rites for the departed, implying tangible merit and support in the afterlife framework described in the Preta Kanda.

It frames the son as responsible for arranging appropriate gifts (dāna) connected to funerary rites, emphasizing informed action—“knowing all this”—and ensuring the offering is properly executed.

Perform charity related to end-of-life rites with personal accountability: give respectfully, through proper recipients, and with awareness that ethical giving and ritual responsibility are part of dharma.

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