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Shloka 9

Akalamṛtyu-kāraṇa and Bāla Antyeṣṭi: Age-graded Funeral Rites, Śrāddha Types, and Sonship Duties

Devanagari script

शूद्रादीनां कथं कुर्यात्संशयो मौञ्जिवर्जनात् / गर्भाच्च नवमं हित्वा शिशुरामासषोडशम्

Transliteration

śūdrādīnāṃ kathaṃ kuryātsaṃśayo mauñjivarjanāt / garbhācca navamaṃ hitvā śiśurāmāsaṣoḍaśam

Translation

Bagi golongan Śūdra dan yang lain, bagaimana upacara itu harus dilakukan? Timbul keraguan kerana mereka tidak menjalani pemakaian tali pinggang suci (mauñjī). Hendaklah ditinggalkan bulan kesembilan dari saat pembuahan; bagi anak, kiraannya adalah hingga enam belas bulan.

Word by Word
शूद्रादीनाम्of the Śūdras and others
शूद्रादीनाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; शूद्र-आदि-शब्दानां (genitive plural)
कथम्how
कथम्:
Prakaraṇa (Adverbial/प्रकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
कुर्यात्should do
कुर्यात्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
मौञ्जिवर्जनात्because of omission of the muñja (sacred girdle)
मौञ्जिवर्जनात्:
Apadana (Cause/Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootमौञ्जि + वर्जन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी-अपादान), एकवचन; कारणार्थे (ablative of cause)
गर्भात्from conception / from the womb
गर्भात्:
Apadana (Point of origin/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; आरम्भ-निर्देशे (from the womb)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
नवमम्the ninth (year)
नवमम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootनवम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (ordinal adjective)
हित्वाhaving left (aside)
हित्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद; ‘having left/omitted’
शिशुःa child
शिशुः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशिशु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
आमासषोडशम्(up to) sixteen months
आमासषोडशम्:
Karma/Avadhi (Extent/अवधि)
TypeAdjective
Rootआमास + षोडश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; ‘आमास-षोडश’ = षोडश-आमासपर्यन्तम् (up to sixteen months)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Adhikāra (eligibility) and precise kāla/āyuḥ-gaṇanā for rites when upanayana markers are absent.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as niyati: orderly regulation of life-stages (āśrama/saṃskāra) supporting saṃskāra-purity and social-ritual coherence.

Application: When performing rites for Śūdra and others lacking mauñjī/upanayana, compute age from conception with the stated exclusion (leaving the ninth month) and apply the child-reckoning up to sixteen months as per this rule.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.25 (context: age-stages and śrāddha/daśapiṇḍa rules for minors)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda
V
Vishnu
Ś
Śūdra
M
mauñjī

FAQs

This verse treats mauñjī as a key marker used in determining ritual eligibility or procedure; when it is absent (as for Śūdras and some others), uncertainty arises about how to apply certain rites.

Not directly; it focuses on dharmic procedure and timing/eligibility for rites, which in the Garuda Purana framework supports correct observance connected with post-death rituals and related duties.

Follow tradition-specific guidance on eligibility and timing rather than assuming a single uniform rule for everyone; when a standard marker (like a samskara) is not present, consult the appropriate dharma-śāstra or lineage practice.

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