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Shloka 38

Akalamṛtyu-kāraṇa and Bāla Antyeṣṭi: Age-graded Funeral Rites, Śrāddha Types, and Sonship Duties

Devanagari script

प्रत्यब्दं पितृमातृभ्यां श्राद्धं दत्त्वा न लिप्यते / एकोद्दिष्टं परित्यज्य पार्वणं कुरुते यदि

Transliteration

pratyabdaṃ pitṛmātṛbhyāṃ śrāddhaṃ dattvā na lipyate / ekoddiṣṭaṃ parityajya pārvaṇaṃ kurute yadi

Translation

Dengan mempersembahkan śrāddha tahunan kepada ayah dan ibu, seseorang tidak tercemar oleh kesalahan. Dan jika meninggalkan ekoddiṣṭa lalu melakukan pārvaṇa, itu pun tiada cela.

Word by Word
प्रतिeach
प्रति:
Sambandha (Adverbial relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (अव्यय)
Formउपसर्ग/अव्यय (preposition-like: per/towards)
अब्दम्year
अब्दम्:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; कालाधिकरणे (accusative of time-span)
पितृमातृभ्याम्to the father and mother
पितृमातृभ्याम्:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ + मातृ (प्रातिपदिक); द्वन्द्वसमासः (pitṛ-mātṛ)
Formपुं/स्त्रीलिङ्ग-समाहार, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), द्विवचन; सम्प्रदान/उद्देश्ये (to/for)
श्राद्धम्śrāddha
श्राद्धम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदा (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
लिप्यतेis tainted/affected
लिप्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootलिप् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)
एकोद्दिष्टम्ekoddiṣṭa rite
एकोद्दिष्टम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएक + उद्दिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक); कर्मधारयसमासः (eka-uddiṣṭa)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
परित्यज्यhaving abandoned
परित्यज्य:
Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि-त्यज् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
Formल्यप्-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)
पार्वणम्pārvaṇa rite
पार्वणम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपार्वण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
कुरुतेdoes/performs
कुरुते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्
यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (Condition marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formशर्तार्थक-अव्यय (conditional conjunction)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Pratyabda (annual)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Performing annual śrāddha for father and mother prevents ritual/moral taint; performing pārvaṇa appropriately (even setting aside ekoddiṣṭa in that context) is blameless.

Vedantic Theme: Śuddhi through niyata-naimittika karma; dharma as a stabilizing force that reduces doṣa and supports inner calm.

Application: Keep a reliable annual remembrance/rite for parents; follow correct rite-type for the intended beneficiary set (individual vs collective ancestors).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: household/ritual space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana śrāddha-vidhi passages on annual śrāddha and pārvaṇa (general)

Characters & Entities
P
Pitris
F
Father
M
Mother

FAQs

This verse states that offering śrāddha annually for one’s father and mother is a dharmic act that does not incur ritual fault, emphasizing it as a safe and proper obligation toward one’s Pitṛ-line.

It distinguishes ekoddiṣṭa as a single-target offering for a specific departed person, while pārvaṇa is a collective Pitṛ rite; the verse affirms that performing pārvaṇa (even after setting aside ekoddiṣṭa) is not blameworthy.

Maintain an annual remembrance-and-offering practice for parents/ancestors (as per one’s tradition and priestly guidance); if unsure between ekoddiṣṭa and pārvaṇa formats, this verse supports that a properly performed pārvaṇa śrāddha remains acceptable.

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